Interviewing A Child, The Thought At Me Was Barbaric Essay

Interviewing a child, the thought to me was barbaric. To carry out a processional discussion with a young child was quite the experience and nothing short of extraordinary. I sat in the dining room of my home with my next door neighbor’s fourteen-year-old daughter Sally. She walked through the front door with noticeable hesitation as if she was walking into the principles office to be detained. I could sense a strong level of discomfort that she carried though the hallway into the dining room as she took a seat on the couch. The smell of pumpkin pie filled the air as my mother was baking in the next room, I offered Sally a slice in attempt to gain relief and comfort in her stance. She accepted and gradually I could see the tension release from her body as she sat down and bluntly asked me â€Å"okay, what do you want to know†? I had prepared my interview questions some time before and had read them over nervously as I questioned their clarity and worth. I was just as an xious to interview Sally as she was to be interviewed. I ensured I had developed questions that danced around the topics of education, future dreams, social life, and personal life ensuring that I could get Sally’s opinion on an array of different aspects of her learning life. As well, I took into consideration questions brought up in the novel Key Questions for Educators edited by William Hare and John P. Portelli to guide my questions for a deeper and more intense analysis and look into the minds of young

Homelessness And The National Law Center On Homelessness

Homelessness is a choice that people choose to take, because they feel and think they are less fortunate in life cost to much. That living on the streets may be easy, then having so many responsibility to keep up with. Being homeless, a homeless would carrying everything they need for survival, traveling lightly with personal things and eat at places that feed them for free. This leaves the responsibilities of taking care of bills, car insurance or other things out of picture. There are many reasons why people choose to being homeless, cannot afford rent, addictions, or a severe mental illness. The first reason, many people choose to being homeless is because they cannot afford rent. â€Å"The lack of affordable housing is a primary cause of homelessness according to the National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty. HUD has seen its budget slashed by over 50% in recent decades resulting in the loss of 10,000 units of subsidized low income housing each and every year†. By: B ill Quigley. Common Dreams, Breaking News Views for the Progressive Community. Through my experience of being homeless, it is a true complaint that homeless are always making, that rent is too high amongst each other. Having affordable housing would be great for getting the homeless off the streets. Family’s with kids, that mothers receives Welfare that the Federal government provides can help a bit with the homeless. People with low-incomes, that have minimum wedge jobs but the income is not enough forShow MoreRelatedThe National Law Center On Homelessness Poverty Essay1666 Words   |  7 PagesThe National Law Center on Homelessness Poverty currently estimates that each year at least 2.5 to 3.5 million Americans sleep in shelters, transitional housing, and public places not meant for human habitation. At least an additional 7.4 million have lost their own homes and are doubled-up with others due to economic necessity. 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There is no easy answer to this question, and in fact, the question itself is misleading. In most cases, homelessness is a temporary circumstance -- not a permanent condition. A more appropriate measure of the magnitude of homelessness is therefore how many people experience homelessness, not how many people are homeless. Studies of homelessness are complicated by problemsRead MoreA Vulnerable Population: The Homeless in America919 Words   |  4 PagesHomeless in America Introduction Homelessness in America should be a growing concern. When discussing the United States current economic crisis comparisons with the Great Depression are becoming more and more common. Tent cities or makeshift shelters in specified areas or just beyond city limits are becoming familiar sites across the country. Each of these cities contains dozens if not hundreds of families struggling to just survive (Maide, 2010). Homelessness can be defined as the lack of aRead MoreHomelessness vs. Houselessness815 Words   |  4 PagesIT’S NOT HOMELESSNESS RATHER IT IS HOUSELESSNESS The working class people look at homeless people as a mass, a pack of individuals that the working class people label such a pack as the homeless, the same as characterizing who they are, nevertheless the working class people disregard the direction of silent remark to realize that homelessness may simply be houselessness part the people. People that have financial hardship and social handicaps typically are neglected as a result of their povertyRead MoreHomelessness is Everyones Problem888 Words   |  3 PagesHomelessness in United States is a dangerous problem that requires everyone’s contemplation and co-operation. Thousands of people are forced to live in the streets, parks, and in shelters since they lack a place of their own to live. For a long period, in United States homelessness has been a serious and an unsolved problem. National Law Center of Homelessness and Poverty reports that homeless population in United States is estimated around 3.5 million, but on th e other hand there are nearly 18.6Read MoreHomelessness : The Problem Of Homelessness1350 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness There are many parts to the subject of homelessness, of course people talk about the solutions to it like The Ten Year Plan, then there is the history of it starting from the 1640’s. Also there is discussions about Homeless Shelters and more recently Anti-homeless Legislation. Then there are always the staggering statistics. The homeless is a very one minded topic for most. Most people think that the homeless should be helped, cared for, and educated for success. This is true (at leastRead MoreCauses of Homelessness in the USA Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness has become a serious problem in today’s society. Despite the organizations that help multitudes of homeless people, homelessness is continually increasing. In recent years, America’s culture has been changing due to economic, political, and social issues. These issues have caused a lot of stress on America resulting in abject poverty in several cities. Poverty is not nationwide, but if dealt wit h lightly, the affects can be catastrophic. Homelessness is increasing more than ever, andRead MoreHomelessness Is The Most Vital Social Problem1668 Words   |  7 Pages Out of all of the social problems that are prevalent across America, homelessness is the one that should be grabbing the nation’s attention. As of April 20th of 2015, according to the National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, 1,750,000 individuals in the United States were reported as being homeless (Homelessness/Poverty). Homelessness in America is a major problem, which needs to be addressed in a much more effective manner than it currently is. It should be at the forefront of everyRead MoreEssay on Should Homelessness Be Criminalized?1007 Words   |  5 Pagesas a counter. I am passionate about the social issue of homelessness, mainly because I was part of this population a decade ago. Applied Survey Research defines homelessness in part as, â€Å"An individual who lacks a fixed, regular, an d adequate nighttime residence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The sad fact is that there are not enough resources to adequately shelter America’s most vulnerable citizens. Many cities have passed ordinances that have criminalized homelessness. These so called quality of life ordinances are meant to

Influence of Rules and Regulation on Public Sector Accounting Practice Free Essays

Title: Rules And Regulation In Public Sector Accounting. Date / Time: 07 October 2012 (Monday) / 4:00 Pm Location: Room Spk308, Othman Yeop Abdullah Building (School Of Accounting. ) Guest: Student Of Public Sector Accounting Group C Agenda: Influence Of Rules And Regulation On Public Sector Accounting Practise. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Rules and Regulation on Public Sector Accounting Practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now Last Sunday, we are discussing about the rule and regulation regarding Public Sector Accounting Practice. On that day, we are discussing about the article in federal law which on part VII (Financial Provision). Initially, we must know about the establishment history of the Federal Constitution. Federal Constitution it’s also known it as the Malaysian Constitution. It is the written legal documentation that it’s formed based on two previous documents of the Federation of Malaya Independence Constitution of 1948 and 1957. The legal drafted based on the advice of Reid Commission. Federal Constitution consists of several different parts. Public Sector Accounting Practice is related to part VII in the Federal Constitution. These VII parts consist of several articles. The article starts from Article 96 until Article 112. This segment is focus on the financial provision for the government and state. Article 96, Indicates that no money can be raised by taxation or rates, nor can it be spent (except) under the authority of the federal law. Article 97, all revenues and monies raised or received by the Federal government shall be paid to the Federal Consolidated Fund and all revenues and monies received by the state shall be paid to the State Consolidated Fund. Article 98, Indicates that expenditure charge to the Federal Consolidated Fund include grant, remuneration of the royalties, pensions, debt charges, money to pay for court judgment. Next Article 99, Annual financial statements require the federal government to prepare and submit to the Parliament, statements of estimated receipts and estimated expenditure of the following year before the commencement of that year. Also requires federal government to submit statement of assets and liabilities of last financial year. Article 100, Supply Bills indicates that expenditure to be met from the consolidated fund excluding charged expenditure shall be included in a bill known as Supply Bill. Article 101, if the amount appropriated (approved) by the Supply Act is insufficient, a supplementary budget can be prepared and submitted to Parliament. Article 102, Expenditure of unusual urgency not is included in the approved budget; it needs to be approved by Parliament. Article 103, The purpose of the Contingencies Fund is to meet urgent and unforeseen need for expenditure for which no other provision exist. Article 104, Withdrawals from Consolidated Funds regulates payment for charged expenditure authorized by Supply Act and also Article 102. Article 105, Auditor General is appointed by the King on the advice of the Prime Minister and after consultation with the Council of Rulers and is eligible for reappointment. Article 106, The Auditor General will perform such other duties as specified by the King on accounts of federal, states and other public authorities. Article 107, the audit report should be submitted to the King to be laid in the Parliament. The states accounts’ and other state authorities should be submitted to the state ruler for presentation to the State Legislative Assembly. Article 109, Grants for States indicates that Federal government shall make to each state a grant, capitation grant. Article 110, Assignment of Taxes and Fees to the States, each state will receive portion of taxes collected within the states which receive 10% of export duties of mineral produced by states. Article 111, The Federation shall not borrow except under the authority of federal law and state. Last Article 112, Restrict alternation by states to any addition to its establishment or the establishment of any of its department or alter the rates of established salaries and emoluments. DISCUSSION: We have conducted a discussion in the class. Before starting the presentation, we already began the discussion session. We ask the students to give their opinion about article 96 until article 112. one of our friends, Noor Amiera binti Jaafar gave her opinion regarding article number 97. She said, â€Å"Federal Constitution related to government financial. Example Article 97, subject to federal constitution, all revenue came from state will be accounted to the state government†. Besides Noor Amiera, the others member also provides their own opinion like, Teoh Vin Sen he said state government will collect the money and revenue from state if under the federal government. Last but not least our friends Yap Kit Yeng, she gave an opinion regarding article number 96, and she said the federal government will collect the revenue from taxation. SUGGESTION: 1. We suggest that it’s compulsory for every student to read the book before they came to the class in order to improve their participation. Moreover by reading before they came to the class, the objective of Student Centred Learning because they can give their own opinion about the discussed topics. 2. Each group should be more confident when they want to do the presentation. Besides that, the presenter must make slide presentation clear. 3. Student should give the full attention when the presenter present about their chapter. Besides that, the presenter must point to the audience when they want the answer. How to cite Influence of Rules and Regulation on Public Sector Accounting Practice, Essay examples

Customer Satisfaction Skills and Services-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Analyze the Customer Satisfaction Skills and Services Challenges. Answer: Introduction This report discusses the customer satisfaction skill and service challenges in hospitality sector. It presents the good as well as bad practices of customer services. It shows some recommendation to improve the customer services and provide higher customer satisfaction. Customer Satisfaction Skills and service challenges The knowledge regarding customer satisfaction skill and service challenges can be effective to increase the productivity of organization. It can improve profitability as well as the financial condition of company. Customer is the key stakeholder of company therefore it should use effective strategy to satisfy the customers. Customer satisfaction and service challenge is the way that can make along with break firm. Therefore it can be said that organization can focus on enhancing the customers satisfaction skills and service challenges to make a favorable image in the market (Tannenbaum, et al., 2013). There are different factors that show the importance of customer satisfaction in an organization such as customer motivation, deliver added value to customers, and influencing the customers towards the brand. Further, the knowledge about customer satisfaction work as guide markers in the organization and make positive environment (Swanson, et al., 2016). Positive example of Customer Service Motivating Customers A top management is accountable for all activities of team members because it is a top of pyramid. Hence, it can be illustrated that the main benefit of customers service is to gain the productivity of company. Moreover, customer handling skills of manager can be important for a company to easily influence their customers as well as increasing the revenue. Thus, this ability of manager can be imperative for enahncing the productivity as well as improve the customers service quality. It is also enabled the managers to deal with consumers issues about product and services of company (Northouse, 2015). Deliver added value to customers An organization can also deliver the added value to customers to make a positive relationship with them. The added value can also be supportive to retain the consumers and enhance the brand awareness in the marketplace. Through this, company can focus on the needs of consumer to make robust relation with consumers along with improving productivity of organization. Manage consumers issues A company also provides different services to the customers such as effective services and meet the customers needs. Company believes that customers can be an important asset for an organization. Hence, Salesforce can be accountable to manage all the issues of consumers about product and services. A salesperson can also make a favorable relationship to the consumers because of retaining them in long-run. It will be effective to improve the quality of consumer services as well as enhancement of company productivity (Morgan, 2013). Improve the patience level of manager It also leads to improvment in the patience level of managers that can influence a large number of consumers for using product and services of company. Effective knowledge of customer satisfaction skills can support to make a positive relationship with consumers along with developing an efficient working environment in an organization Executives determine the purpose of firm in market An organization can increase their productivity by offering the actual information about the services being provided to the customers. An executive can determine the purpose of firm in the market. It also provides the actual information about product and services to spread the awareness in the specified market (Lumby, 2013). Moreover, the understanding about customer satisfaction skills can be imperative for an organization because it supports to meet the customer needs as well as improve the image in marketplace. In addition, management has decided to which kinds of information could be delivered in the marketplace because it can make or break the image of company in the marketplace. An executive of company can support to identify the appropriate data regarding the product and services that will deliver to potential consumers. Since, inappropriate or complex information can make an unfavorable image of organization in the marketplace. Therefore, an executive gives their contribution to specify the main purpose of firm (Johnston, et al., 2016). Company guide the employees to meet the organizational task A top executive of company can lead the salesperson about the enhancement of customer satisfaction level to meet the organizational goal along with attracting more consumers. An effective strategy of company can help to influence a large number of consumers in the less time. A top management can also guide the employees about their work to eliminate the complexity and satisfying more consumers. It will be also effective to save the time and cost of the organization to meet the goal (Huber, 2017). Company unleashes the passion in managers Company plays an imperative role to increase the passion among the employees regarding their job. A good knowledge of customer handling skills can attract a large number of consumers to use goods and services of organization. Further, an individual who loves to their job can perform better as compared to other. It is also addressed that a person who is passionate about their job can achieve the more favorable result without any complaints and issues. Therefore, company always tries to improve employee passion level regarding their job to complete the specified work without stress (Hackman, et al., 2013). Negative Example of customer service Lack of maintaining customer records The term micromanagement has considered as bad practices for company. It is analyzed that getting the information in detail can be time-consuming for a marketing manager and can also build the annoyance, and unfriendly nature among team members. Company does not have adequate skills to maintain customer records as it unable to provide effective customer services. In the hospitality industry, Company does not set the general objectives that they want to achieve it by the employees and also do not predetermine that how it will be achieved. In case, Company does not have skill to deal with cuustomers then it can hire the infeasible person at the right place within company (Goleman, et al., 2013).As a result, it obtains negative outcome from the consumers with respect to the services. Neglecting the employees Company develops a general work culture which appeals to a large number of employees to work with them but it is analyzed that not everybody wants to work in same way. For example, account manager of Ovolo Woolloomooloo hotel might advantage from a various team meeting to exchange the ideas and builds the companionship. However, web developer of Ovolo Woolloomooloo hotel might see it as an annoying time-consuming. It can be said that such kinds of employees cannot be able to handle the customer issues and provide the effective services to them. For example, CFO of Ovolo Woolloomooloo hotel might be comfortable to work better in the morning while the designer can be comfortable in afternoon. Thus, it is stated that general work culture is bad practices as it creates conflict at the workplaces (Goetsch, et al., 2014). It can also create a negative image in the customer mind due to the conflicting environment of organization. Lack of skills of manager to influence customers Marketing managers have lack of skills to influence the customer's mind towards product and services. Along with this, a marketing manager never thinks in the perspectives of customers. They spend their too much time to blame on company that they did not make clear their expectation from starting timing (Dimmock, 2013).As a result, marketing managers cannot satisfy consumers to use the goods and services of organization in the upcoming period. It will also decline the productivity of company. Lack of adequate decision Company has high pressure to conduct right practices as it can derive the business forwards. However, the wrong decision of company can affect the customer service. Furthermore, if Palazzo Versace Gold Coast hotel has a list of to-do items that Company is postponing because they are not sure what they have to do then it shows the indecisiveness of Company. In case, company unable to take a decision then it can create complexity to deliver effective customer service. Employees do not know which work to initiate or ignore as company should provide right direction. If company are not sure to provide right direction then it will ultimately effect on business outcomes. Thus, it can be stated that a bad decision of company can still better as compared to no decisions (Waal, et al., 2013). Lack of skills to Delegate the responsibility In the Hospitality sector, sometimes Company have a merit-worthy habit. They work as much as possible instead delegating this to their below level employees. It is analyzed that overworking can lead the employees to decline the productivity as well as delivery of customer services. Under this, executives are not able to manage the issues of customers regarding services. Therefore, company should learn that how to effectively delegate the work as it may affect the productivity as well as effectively deliver consumer services. Company should be aware of their habits and tendency of unnoticed the things because their bad habits may decline the quality of consumer services. Company should emphasize on how their action may affect the team members particularly, in a start-up setting (Daft, 2014). It is analysed that positive changes may take more time of executives within company. However, if company are in doubt that how their activities are affecting others then it should communicate face to face with their employees. In case, company has built the atmosphere of mutual trust then employees will not be afraid to share the innovative ideas with Company to improve the quality of customers services. Punitive application Company who use punishment for those employees that do not act in accordance with the guidelines then it will discourage the employees to deal with consumers. Hence, Company should not be used punishment in their working culture. Punishment may produce the short-term outcome and also tremendously encourage offense and uneasiness. This strategy of company cannot pay attention for long period. In case, marketing teams do not provide effective customer services then it could not be the fault of them. Since, there could be lack of resources to deliver the customer service. Hence, Company should support to their subordinates and encourage them to handle customer services by delivering the added value (Choudhary, et al., 2013). Cloning Lack of diversity is a key issue in the recent business scenario as it particularly affects the customer services. This is also a social and business issue as it may affect the economy. The company should not try to take cultural advantages by hiring and training to homogenous team members as it could create a key issue for business. Along with this, Company should not look, act and think in same perspectives as it can generate a greater risk of failure. In the hospitality industry, Company should hire the divergent group as it has a broader set of skills and high talent to deal with the diverse customers. It could be beneficial to grab the opportunities in long-term. The company should ensure that they are not recruiting the clones of their peers. In this way, it should expand the capabilities and perspectives of the organization by using the diversity at the workplace (Carmeli, et al., 2013). As a result, cultural diversity can create a positive image of the organization in custome rs mind. Recommendation to improve the customer service in hospitality sector There are different kinds of strategies that will be used by the organization in the hospitality sector to improve the customer services. These are discussed as below: Address great Supporters The organization should address the great supporter to inspire a large number of consumers in less time and cost. Great supporter could be an individual whose work is followed by other. The major difference between an executive and great supporter is that great supporter cannot have a designation but have individuals who are inspired to eagerly follow them. Further, the great company focuses on trustworthiness as it supports to find the feasible result (Burke, et al., 2014). Identify the needs of Customers The company should identify needs and preference of consumers to provide effective customer services. The customer needs also demonstrated which kinds of activities should be considered to meet the consumers needs. The company should also make policy about customer need that can be based on the past data for dealing with the present situation and avoid the future risk (Bolman, et al., 2017). Be dedicated towards customers Dedication could also be an effective strategy for a company because it enabled the company to give their best in the operational activity. It could be effective to accomplish the task of the company in specified time and cost. The marketing manager activities should be considered customer needs in order to get a positive result. It can be appropriate to effectively deal with consumers regarding their services issues. The great managers are dedicated to continuing the right activity and effectively deliver the product and services of the company (Armstrong, et al., 2014). Develop Emotional Intelligence The company should also need to develop the emotional intelligence of employee to deal with the emotion systematically. In an organization, the different employee has a different personality, emotion, and strength that can influence the customer services. The Emotional intelligence can be related to the way of talking, establishing a robust relationship, and accomplishment of goals. Moreover, lack of emotional intelligence in sales executives could demonstrate different features such as arrogance, insensitivity, volatility, selfishness, and rigidity (Obolensky, 2014).The main advantage of emotional intelligence is to take a decision about employment wherein it could incorporate some factors such as hire, fire, and promote workforces. It could greatly affect to deliver the customer services. From the utilization of emotional intelligence, an organization could be able to manage their emotion to attract a large number of consumers. Code of conduct The manager should appropriately treat with their potential consumers to make a positive image in their mind. In an organization, each member seeks that code of conduct could be important to make the favorable relationship between salesperson and consumers. Besides this, it can be stated that different people have a different expectation that could influence the code of conduct. Where some people have need praise and gratitude while other desire to produce output by functioning as high performing. Therefore, the organization should categorize the employee accordance to their expectation and manage effectively with them. It can be appropriate to handle with consumers as well as make a robust relationship with them in long-run (Teiwes, 2017). Learn from mistakes The company should also aware of their last mistake so they can learn from failure to handle the consumer's service issues. A great salesperson should also remember each mistake to learn something new. It can be essential to improve consumer services and gaining productivity in long-run (Colla, et al., 2014). Conclusion From the above interpretation, it can be concluded that the knowledge about the customer satisfaction skills can positive impact on the enhancement of financial performance as well as improving customer services. It can also support to motivate consumers, make a positive relationship, and increase salesperson passion level. It can also be summarized that lack of customer satisfaction skills can decline the performance along with the quality of consumer services of the company in long term. It can also make negative image among customers in the marketplace. Finally, it can be interpreted that lack of customer satisfaction skills can be eliminated by using company strategies. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. USA: Kogan Page Publishers. Bolman, L. G., Deal, T. E. (2017).Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and Company. USA: John Wiley Sons. Burke, R., Barron, S. (2014).Project management Company: building creative teams. USA: John Wiley Sons. Carmeli, A., Gelbard, R., Reiter?Palmon, R. (2013). The company, creative problem?solving capacity, and creative performance: The importance of knowledge sharing.Human Resource Management,52(1), 95-121. Choudhary, A. I., Akhtar, S. A., Zaheer, A. (2013). Impact of transformational and servant Company on organizational performance: A comparative analysis.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), 433-440. Colla, C. H., Lewis, V. A., Shortell, S. M., Fisher, E. S. (2014). First national survey of CEOs finds that physicians are playing a strong Company and ownership roles.Health Affairs,33(6), 964-971. Daft, R. L. (2014).The Company experience. USA: Cengage Learning. De Waal, A., Kourtit, K. (2013). Performance measurement and management in practice: Advantages, disadvantages, and reasons for use.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,62(5), 446-473. Dimmock, C. (Ed.). (2013).School-based management and school effectiveness. UK: Routledge. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. USA: Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. E., McKee, A. (2013).Primal Company: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. USA: Harvard Business Press. Hackman, M. Z., Johnson, C. E. (2013).Company: A communication perspective. USA: Waveland Press. Huber, D. (2017).Company and Nursing Care Management-E-Book. USA: Elsevier Health Sciences. Johnston, M. W., Marshall, G. W. (2016).Salesforce management: Company, innovation, technology. UK: Routledge. Lumby, J. (2013). Distributed Company: The uses and abuses of power.Educational Management Administration Company,41(5), 581-597. Morgan, G. (2013).Riding the waves of change. USA: Imaginization Inc. Nahavandi, A. (2016).The Art and Science of Company -Global Edition. USA: Pearson. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Company: Theory and practice. USA: Sage publications. Obolensky, M. N. (2014).Complex adaptive Company: Embracing paradox and uncertainty. USA: Gower Publishing, Ltd. Swanson, C. R., Territo, L., Taylor, R. W. (2016).Police Administration: Structures, processes, and behavior. USA: Prentice Hall. Tannenbaum, R., Weschler, I., Massarik, F. (2013).Company and organization. UK: Routledge. Teiwes, F. C. (2017).Company, legitimacy, and conflict in China: From a charismatic Mao to the politics of succession. UK: Routledge.

No Time to Think free essay sample

This week we were asked to analyse the following papers and a TED Talk presentation reflecting on how the accelerating pace of life and the distractions/noise in form of new means of communication are affecting our concentration and vanishing our â€Å"sanctuary† where we can dedicate time for thoughtful reflections. * â€Å"No time to think: Reflections on information technology and contemplative scholarship†, David M. Levy. (2007) * â€Å"Speed and the Unsettling of Knowledge in the Digital University†, Ray Land, (2011). TED Talk â€Å"5 ways to listen better†, Julian Treasure, (2011) Distractions serve anything but the knowledge It is true that today’s digitisation and networking tools speed up the pace of our communicative exchanges. In the other hand, these increasingly attractive tools are stealing our time and helping to distract us. These distractions serve anything but the knowledge because seriously limit our ability to focus and attention (and hence learning). Nowadays many people believe that reading an entire book is less attractive than commenting on their friends photos on Facebook or, open multiple tabs in a browser and quickly discover everything that is happening. We will write a custom essay sample on No Time to Think or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is precisely the possibility to access an incredible amount of information through the current digital technologies and encounter endless possibilities of knowledge that challenges our inability to build mental representations. Given the monumental supply of information obtained through the mass media, especially the Internet, the individual focuses his attention by very few moments in the data exposed on computer screens as they navigate through new links. However, the quality of these connections often contrasts with the amount of information, which are hardly assimilated because there is no time or effort to establish relations between concepts and thus, creating new meanings. As a result, individuals have habitual concentration difficulties, especially when connect with other people and at the same time read information in various news sites. It is not by chance the use of terms such as connect, Liked† and off to describe relationships between people. It is as if the email’s boxes or the tweets call us all the time so that messages must be read and answered immediately. The schools adopting the digital education model have already evidenced these concentration problems. The use of new technologies in the classroom econfigures everyday identities of their teachers and students and thus, their own teaching practice in the presence of the students’ limitless access to information through the Internet. I believe that the teachers, as the digital immigrants, and students, as the digital natives, are overwhelmed with the emancipatory potential of the Internet that in somehow they are experiencing a sense of loss as pointed out Ray Land: â₠¬Å"Paradoxically this may be experienced as a sense of loss as an earlier, more secure stance of familiar knowing has to be abandoned as new and unfamiliar knowledge is encountered†. The temporary downside of this digital turn is a viral pact of mediocrity, through which teachers and students pretend to teach and learn, to the extent that the contents of academic papers are copied and pasted in the text with less and less reasoning being developed. New teachers adapted to this modus operandi disregard ethical issues and do not refute the information that the student presents through consultation online. Improving concentration in the digital environment Considering the above scenario, I believe that we need to re-think our strategy to overcome distraction and increase our capacity to learn in digital environments. As David M. Levy mentioned: â€Å"It might well be possible to begin to explore different modes of thinking – routine and creative modes, as well as obsessive mind chatter – not only to develop more nuanced and refined understandings of these processes but to understand how to encourage or discourage them†. The starting point could be the understanding of the mechanisms of human attention, decode how it works and even how to develop it. I personally think that concentration is not innate to the human being, but a skill that can be taught throughout life and can always be improved. Recently I read an intriguing book called â€Å"The Mind and the Brain: Neuroplasticity and the Power of Mental Force† (Jeffrey M. Schwartz and Sharon Begley, 2003) about the brain plasticity, which is the neurons’ ability to redistribute according to need and training. The conclusions regarding the brains ability to rewire itself and the idea that meditation may be driving neuroplastic changes are quite inspiring in the book. For J. Schwartz and S. Begley, the best way to ensure attention is to choose challenging activities. If the task is so hard that we almost cannot do it, will certainly require more focus. However, it is not always clear that we like or feel challenged by everything that we need to do. Sometimes the work is simply annoying, but still needs to be done. In these cases, the trick is to turn it into a kind of game, focusing on one phase at a time. Overcome steps, one by one, can leave the whole process more attractive. Something like the â€Å"gamification† strategies, i. e. points and titles that some programs or applications give each task is accomplished. Being totally concentrated has to do with the state of â€Å"flow† discussed in the week 4 of the IDLE course. The psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi tried to understand the phenomenon by calculating the amount of information that our neural networks are capable of absorbing. He reached a number: only 110bps (bits per second). Listening to someone talking, for example, requires the processing of 40bps. That means, there are 70bps left in to use for distractions around. So we can scribble on paper or think in others to-dos while listening to the conversation. Using the 110bps in an activity would be the equivalent of what Csikszentmihalyi calls flow† that state of absolute concentration that makes us not even notice the time passing. Finally, the schools should debate more about the negative effects of distraction, the importance of the â€Å"white space† (or the sanctuary as we call at IDLE, the creation of physical spaces or times on the calendar for uninterrupted, unwired thinking and connection) and encourage students to apply basic practices to promote personal â€Å"white space†. These practices include: create a student routine, make lists with the priorities of the day, learn to organize time and to collect relevant study materials, learn to book time to solve everything else outside of the studies (a good way to fend off distractions is to take them out of our heads) and learn to absorb and to reflect on what has been collected.

Free Essays on Grant Wood

Grant Wood was born on a farm near Anamosa, Iowa on February 13, 1891. After his father’s death in 1901, the Wood family moved to Cedar Rapids where Grant attended school and even at an early age revealed his artistic talent. He and his friend, Marvin Cone, made scenery for plays and drawing for their high school yearbook and both were enthusiastic volunteers at the Cedar Rapids Art Association. On the night of his high school graduation in 1910, Grant Wood boarded a train for Minneapolis where he enrolled in art school. He returned home in 1911 and began teaching in a one-room country school. In 1913, he moved to Chicago to attend the Art Institute and worked in a silversmith shop. Later, after serving in the Army as a camouflage painter, Wood once again returned to Cedar Rapids and taught art in the public schools.(Cedar Rapids Museum of Art 1) He served as artist in residence at the University of Iowa from 1935 to 1942. While abroad, Grant Wood was exposed to current trends in European painting butconcentrated on the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist styles. In this, he was severaldecades behind European painters but current with most American artists. Wood is best known for his later paintings, which depicts the scenes and people of his native Iowa. A leader in the regionalists school of 20th century American art, he was strongly influenced by the subject matter and technique of various German and Flemish painters of the Renaissance (14th century to 17th century). (Grant Wood Painting 1) In translating their stylized formality to the American scene, however, he added his own distinctive touches of irony and realism. This satirical treatment can be observed in Wood's most famous work, the double portrait American Gothic. Stone City, Fall Plowing and American Gothic are present subject matter in the title. They are in artistic form which informs us about life. He is the inten... Free Essays on Grant Wood Free Essays on Grant Wood Grant Wood was born on a farm near Anamosa, Iowa on February 13, 1891. After his father’s death in 1901, the Wood family moved to Cedar Rapids where Grant attended school and even at an early age revealed his artistic talent. He and his friend, Marvin Cone, made scenery for plays and drawing for their high school yearbook and both were enthusiastic volunteers at the Cedar Rapids Art Association. On the night of his high school graduation in 1910, Grant Wood boarded a train for Minneapolis where he enrolled in art school. He returned home in 1911 and began teaching in a one-room country school. In 1913, he moved to Chicago to attend the Art Institute and worked in a silversmith shop. Later, after serving in the Army as a camouflage painter, Wood once again returned to Cedar Rapids and taught art in the public schools.(Cedar Rapids Museum of Art 1) He served as artist in residence at the University of Iowa from 1935 to 1942. While abroad, Grant Wood was exposed to current trends in European painting butconcentrated on the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist styles. In this, he was severaldecades behind European painters but current with most American artists. Wood is best known for his later paintings, which depicts the scenes and people of his native Iowa. A leader in the regionalists school of 20th century American art, he was strongly influenced by the subject matter and technique of various German and Flemish painters of the Renaissance (14th century to 17th century). (Grant Wood Painting 1) In translating their stylized formality to the American scene, however, he added his own distinctive touches of irony and realism. This satirical treatment can be observed in Wood's most famous work, the double portrait American Gothic. Stone City, Fall Plowing and American Gothic are present subject matter in the title. They are in artistic form which informs us about life. He is the inten...

MKTG 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MKTG 3000 - Essay Example The differences in people cause humans to react differently to reinforcers. A primary reinforcer can be natural or created. Natural reinforcers occur through natural interaction with the environment. They occur as we smell, hear, see, touch, and taste. They require interaction with nature. Social and tangible reinforcers are secondary reinforcers that are purposely paired with certain behaviors to improve performance of some kind. Social or tangible reiforcers are necessary when the natural reinforcers do not produce the behavior we need. A social reinforcer can be defined as any consequence, verbal, or symptom provided by one person to another that increases the frequency of the others person’s behavior. An example of a social reinforcer is a trophy. Tangible reinforcers should never be presented without some accompanying social reinforcer. Three examples of tangle reinforcers are food, gift certificates, and clothes. When behavior has been increased by reinforcement, failure to get reinforcement, over time, causes the behavior to return to its previously unreinforced level. This phenomenon is referred to as extinction. An example of extinction occurs when a person puts money in a vending machine and the machine does not dispense the item.

Formal Analysis Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Formal Analysis Assignment - Essay Example The art places Christ in a liminal state transforming from death to life. The picture depicted is much calm and motionless as the final moments described by the Scripture1. For an artist who painted modern paintings, religion appears as an odd space indeed for Manet’s artistic skills. The style in which he composed Christ and the angels (with a careful attention to detailed copying of costumes, models, and stage) in design relation to the other parts of the piece, it definitely sums up to a notion of admiration. By looking at the piece of the dead Christ, It is difficult to establish whether a controversial effect was Manet’s objective with the piece. The intent is obviously contentious, but the level of artistic amazement is unquestionably classic. A profound streak of color is used by Manet to thicken Jesus’s face. Closer to his forehead top, varying smudges of maroon represents the appearance of desiccated, scaly blood. Manet uses Harsh yellow hues to emphasize the tip of nose of Christ, the curves just beneath Christ’s eyebrows and the apples of his cheekbones, while his nose and sunken-in eyes sockets are depicted using darker hues. Christ’s mouth and eyes are half-open. The spread of shadow transversely on face results in his head appearing to recede in the background. The white shading of fabric covering up his lower body justly dominates the composition. On both sides of this imposing corpse of Christ, two women, costumed in bright, colorful clothes and unusual angels’ wings, appear to attend to the lifeless body. The angels’ colorful looks fail to overshadow the Christ’s body’s overwhelming grimness. Out of the combination of repugnance and beauty, pallor and color, a to tally comfortless Christ emerged. The artist is demonstrative in his pallet exploration, and there’s no mix up with the pathos created in the scene. The Dense folds of clothes that cover Christ’s body instill the artist’s mastery of

Final Project Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final Project - Research Proposal Example To access the facility customers are required to obtain tickets for different movies of their choice. The theatre has only one ticketing station located at the entrance of the premises where the customers obtain their tickets. The movie theatre serves a huge number of customers, there is an increased number of customers particularly during holiday seasons. The limited number of ticketing stations results in long queues and unnecessary time wastage in the ticketing process. The customers always complain about the time wasted queuing to purchase the tickets. Additionally, most clients complain about missing the beginning of the movies for which they intend to watch. The seats in the theatre are arranged into three sets; VIP lounge, Ordinary and back seats. Each of the seats is numbered depending on each category and they all have different pricing. The VIP lounge costs more followed by the ordinary and back seats respectively. The pricing also varies depending on the day of the week and the time. Tickets for movies shown on weekends and between 2PM to 7 PM and 7PM to 11 PM cost more than those on weekdays and during the day. The major problem associated with the current system is the loss of revenue and lack of customer satisfaction occasioned by delays in issuance of tickets to customers. The delay also results in low number of customers resulting from the slow ticketing process. It has been observed that approximately 600 seats are always occupied in one sitting yet the capacity of the theatre is twice this number. Hence, there is underutilization of the facility since it is not filled to capacity. To achieve this, the proposed simulation intends to create additional ticketing kiosks to a total of 6 kiosks strategically placed to enhance the ticketing process. It also intends to increase the ticketing options to allow online ticketing through the company’s website or through

The Pathology Of Crime Criminology Essay

The Pathology Of Crime Criminology Essay Pathology is the study of a particular subject- a disease. It is the diagnosis of an abnormality through careful examination of the constituents of the diseased body. When crime is considered to be a disease, an abnormality among humans, then, Pathology of crime can be called the study of crime; the psychological and general aspects of it, by careful examination of the various constituents and factors of crime such as- disruption of existing social norms and values, mental illness, stress, disorganization in society, anti social psychopathological mindsets, physical disorders etc. Through my paper on this subject, I hope to cover exhaustively all the social factors that affect society , crime in society and also understand and outline the lacunae between existing laws against crime, those geared towards the upliftment of society in general and the reality faced by us, the common man. I also aim to unearth some potentially comprehensive, pragmatic and useful ways to reduce crime rate on a whole and evaluate the effectiveness of traditional punishment. What is Crime? A purist legal view of crime is defined as a violation of a criminal law. Irrespective of the moral or social outrage or ethical wrongness of an act, it cannot be termed a crime unless it directly or indirectly is infringing upon a certain act passed. In this sense, crime becomes a sociopolitical event, rather than a clinical condition, a clinical or medical condition- which cannot be treated or diagnosed. In the words of Mr. Vernon Fox,1985. In this traditional outlook on crime, an Actus Reus a criminal act and a guilty intention- Mens Rea ; are the essential elements of a crime. But crime cannot be restricted in such a way solely to the acts defined. Criminologists must study the deviants-the criminals, as well as the socio cultural contexts that define them. A lot of learned people and scholars in the fields of Sociology, psychology, neurology as well as eminent jurists and law makers opine that every criminal act is the result of abnormal behavior of the individual concerned . This is where it becomes imperative for us to understand the pathology of crime. Hence the question, what exactly is pathology? Pathology and its relationship with crime Pathology can be defined as the scientific study and characterization of an anomaly/ disease/ abnormality in a certain field of interest. criminal pathologists, more commonly known as criminologists; deal with the study, structure, changes and functioning of a society on the basis of crimes and the interdependent relationship between crime and society. As in, how society at large is affected by various criminal deviant behavior, how values, mores, laws, folkways in turn keep changing or adjusting to the general consensus of society at large and how this in turn affects impressionable young minds towards deviant tendencies. An interesting trend to note would be the generality towards the acceptance of crime as an abnormality in society. This acceptance shows us that in a utopian environment, the concept of crime ceases to exist. This pathology shows us that we believe crime is essentially a perversion of human character, something that must be remedied or rectified ; Removed from the minds of those who practice it. We can relate the rationality behind that of a pathological criminal to that of a pathological/ compulsive liar. A pathological liar doesnt always know when he/she is lying. The lie becomes a part of his/her reality. This is due to certain mental problems. It has also been found that there are some anomalies in the structure of the brain of a pathological liar. It is wired differently compared to regular healthy brains. This throws light on the psychological aspects of crime. It could perhaps be curable one day.   These ideas led to the study of phrenology, in which brain size and shape were used to determine criminality.  There is an immediate and overwhelming need for more medical research on the subject. Contradicting views Durkheim actually states that crime should be seen as something functional and necessary for society rather than something pathological, and a symptom of a diseased society. He bases his argument on that fact that crime has been omnipresent ever since society came into existence. He says all societies, bar none, have experienced crime. Thus, according to him, crime seems to represent a condition of normality. He says a crime is a crime because it offends values, not because it is fundamentally wrong. He thinks crime strengthens a societies ideals and values because they are reaffirmed every time someone is prosecuted for a wrong doing. Of course, his views are not widely accepted and are opposed by many, due to the obvious gaping loop holes in his explanation. Crime is never a good thing and it doesnt strengthen a society. It reflects on the ethics and morals of the community, true; and it might be historically ingrained in our culture but that doesnt make it right. It is still something that can, and should be curbed. Thus, on the basis of lack of strong arguments stating otherwise, we can assume crime is inherently a pathological condition. Factors responsible for crime. The most basic question that comes to mind when discussing the criminology or pathological aspects of crime would be the one that points to the grass root level of it all. Why does crime exist? What leads people to participate in such ethically and morally wrong deeds, and go about abusing the very values they grew up with? Psychological conditions. Environment Social disorganization Lack of education Lack of a strong support system social change/ Evolution- Regression. Negative liberalization Economic Fluctuations Dissolution of religious, marriage and family institutions No conformity towards social norms, morals. Changing status of certain sects of society Dissociative social processes and conflicts Lack of empathy and personal ethics. Effect of mass media The aforementioned reasons are some of the main factors for the reason crime exists. Tackling the growing phenomenon of crime can only be done by first taking care of the economic, social and psychological issues related to cause spikes in crime. We have to understand that the majority of socialization processes are completed by the family, in the primary stage. If the process of sociality is done right, with the family stressing on the inculcation of the right values, norms, culture and liberal thinking, the base for a healthy society can be accomplished. For this, it is essential for families to be tight knit and functional. The environment given to the children has to project safety. When there is an absence of a healthy environment and a family system, it has been statistically proven that there is an increase in the risk for delinquency. Most crimes can be averted when the simple differentiation between rights and wrongs, and human empathy are clarified and made extremely clear. When there is a fear of a higher authority which projects absolute morals and strict punishment for those who break this code of morality, there is a reduction in the occurrence of crime. Thus, religion, though borderline irrational, plays an important role in curbing crime; when interpreted the right way. Trends In Crime Age and crime Crime rate generally declines with progress in age. Most offenders caught come under the age bracket of 16-25. Experts say the age-crime curve probably reflects decreasing parental controls, a peaking of peer influence in the teenage years, and then increasing family and community controls with age. Sex and crime Of all the demographic variables present, gender seems to be the most muddled. Most offenses are predominantly done by males, save those of flesh trade. More than 83% of todays heinous crimes are committed by males. But the fairer sex seems to be proclaiming equality in this field, too. A lot of petty crimes, traffic violations and other minor crimes are slowly becoming the female domain of crime. Attached next is a graph, to illustrate both. arrests_by_age_sex.jpg Social class and crime A vast majority of those arrested or labeled as a criminal belong to the lower strata of society. Though some scholars say that the official data shows this only because those belonging to the higher classes can usually get away with crime by bribing or gaining favors from the authority figures, there has been a rise in white collar crimes and the like, which may soon even out the curve. Minority groups/ Race / Regionality and crime. People belonging to the minority groups and less dominant races or those who belong to other regions (those who migrate in search of better living conditions, work etc) usually belong to the poorer sections of society. This, coupled with the fact that the adults in the family are too busy eking out a living to take care of the education and moral well being of their wards ,could have a direct effect on the fact that a lot of miscreants and criminal offenders belong these backgrounds. Also, there is an underlying contempt towards the privileged lot because racial profiling and discrimination is rampant. This in turn creates conflict between the two groups and might provoke the poorer sections to target the privileged lot. These various trends in crime help us understand the societal approach to it and the group consensus. Targeted treatment can be done. Typology of Crime Criminal typologies are ways to try and classify types of crime and criminals. It can be based on various criteria like : Type of offence committed. Reaction of society towards said crime. What the law and legislatures state. Criminal career of the offender etc. There have been many attempts made to classify criminals under one binding system but no such efforts have paid off till date. For example, Schafers LIFE TREND typology of criminals (1982) is as follows- Occasional criminals Professional criminals Abnormal criminals Habitual criminals Convictional criminals Though seemingly comprehensive enough, this typology was rejected, just like many before because it did not completely classify every criminal type. The very science of typology has been under heavy criticism because Specific offenses vary with time and place. some offenders participate in more than one type of crime Most offenses are usually inter linked and cannot be over simplified by trying to make them seem more distinct than they are. No single typology is useful to group all offenders. But the typology of Criminal behavior systems is still widely taken into consideration. It is as follows- Violent personal crime occasional property crime occupational crime corporate crime political crime public order crime conventional crime organized crime Professional crime This kind of typology is done on the basis of behavior and type of crime committed, for making the legislative and judiciary process easier, by simplifying the classification. Figure3.1 Use of Typologies in CJS-Final.jpg Some of the most jarring and convoluted crimes ever recorded in History occurred sometime over the past century. Gruesome murders, violent rape and assault charges, extortion, art crimes and media copy cat crimes have been the rage. THE TATE-LABIANCA MURDERS, 1969 ; THE LANA TURNER AFFAIR, 1958 ;   THE BRINKS JOB, 1950 ; THE BLACK DAHLIA, 1947 ; THE MONA LISA, 1911; THE LINDBERGH KIDNAPPING; THE  Lufthansa heist etc are all globally famous crimes that literally shocked people. To know that fellow humans were capable of such monstrosities wasnt a comforting thought. The recent jimmy saville case is also terrifying, in many ways. But there has been a steady decline in violent crime, globally. Though experts are baffled for the reason behind this, a lot of criminologists think it has something to do with growing awareness and simple precautionary methods being cultivated in day to day life. There is actually research to support this claim. Apparently more than 40% of crimes in a society are the product of easy opportunity. In india, a sizeable number of crime results from the easy opportunity and due to lack of effective thinking on crime prevention. LEGISLATURES AND ACTS IN INDIA , RELATING TO CRIME. THE CHILD MARRIAGE RESTRAINT ACT, 1929 By this act, people above 21 who wish to marry a person below 18 or those who aid and solemnize this marriage are liable for punishment . (Imprisonment for more than 3 months and fine). The Protection Of Women From Domestic Violence Act, 2005 The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 The Juvenile Justice Act, 2000 Under this act, juvenile offenders (those under 18 years of age) are rehabilitated and protected. Reformation in the main criteria. Prevention Of Terrorism Act 2002 Though there are a myriad of such laws, legislations, acts being passed frequently, there is still a gaping bridge between them being recognized and being implemented efficiently. Laws made for the welfare of the people or certain sections of the society are highly misused or taken advantage of by people with dishonest intentions, thus making it unapproachable for those in real need of it. A GLARING EXAMPLE. Upliftment and protection of women has always been on the agenda for our law makers. There have been copious changes in existing legislations and acts being passed in various sections for the same. Art 15(A) (e) To renounce practices derogatory to women or their dignity. 304 B IPC Dowry harassment and death. 312-318 IPC Causing miscarriage and abortion; without consent. 359-374 IPC Kidnapping ad abduction 375-376 (D) IPC Sexual offences 497 IPC Adultery 494 IPC Bigamy 453 IPC Cohabitation by manipulation /deceit The prevention of sati act 1829 Hindu widow remarriage act 1856 Immoral traffic prevention act 1956 These are very few of the exhaustive list available. But we do not see most of these laws reaching their desired objective. Preventive Measures, Punishments. The problem of crime is a socially constructed problem. Its about socio economic status and criminal victimization, in most cases. Richer households are more likely to be victims of some crimes , such as crimes against property, trespass etc. Poorer households are more likely to be victims of serious intrusive crime such as burglary, mugging and domestic violence. Statistics also confirm that minority ethnic groups are also victimized more than regular people. Same goes for young people, whose chances of being physically molested, mobbed, assaulted etc decrease with increase in age. By understanding these demographics and applying the theory of crime of opportunity, there is a concept of Situational Crime prevention. What is situational crime prevention? Making changes to buildings and streets to make them safer Asking the police for help Using common sense to stop criminals Using neighbors to look out for crime Working with people from different agencies By being practical, smart, resourceful and keeping a vigilant eye on our surroundings, this theory claims to be able to reduce upto 50% of the crimes. (http://crimeprevention.rutgers.edu/topics/SCP%20theory/theory.htm) Youth and crime Four million people use illicit drugs each year, of which about 56% are aged 16-24. Most offenders who use drugs commit crimes to finance their drug use. Police crackdowns on dealers and users have had no impact on drug availability or levels of crime. Hence, appropriate drug treatment, psychological help and efficient rehabilitation programs must be made available. PUNISHMENT- History. The concept of crime and penalties and jurisdiction evolved as society civilized over centuries. They were originally considered to be private affairs. The offended party had to seek compensation or private revenge. Later, offenses were only against the king and later yet, the subjects. When compensation developed, fines were levied on behalf of the king (state), thus making the state the wronged party, much like what it is today. The intentions behind imposing penalties to compensate the wronged parties, though honorable, does not serve its purpose. People cannot restore lost dignity, respect or honor by providing monetary compensation to the victims. Though it may help some of them start over in life. what about the wretched families of the wrong doer, who have to bequeath their possessions and requirements in life to pay for a mistake they didnt even make. And the very concept of imprisonment also does not really make much sense to a forward rational thinker. Paraphrasing one of them, There is a logical contradiction at the heart of the idea (imprisonment) which is that, you are taking people away from society, away from the law-abiding world, and away from all the influences of people who keep the norm, and putting them in a place where they will only be mixing with people who have broken the norm and then expecting that some good will come out of it. I think, the evidence accumulated over many years is that, what you create is a lawless society.   Criminals /Delinquents should not be treated as evil. Psychoanalytic Theory :  The psychoanalytic theory, rather than seeking the causes in biological processes or anomalies, attempts to look into the mind of the individual. According to Friedlander, classical Freudian psychoanalytic explanations of delinquency focus on abnormalities or disturbances in the individuals emotional development from early childhood. The id is the unconscious seat of all irrational, antisocial and instinctual impulses, which must be controlled and shaped for successful adaptation to life within a society. This is done through the development of the ego, or the conscious and the rational part of the mind and through the superego, or the conscience, which serves as the moralizing part of the mind. The basic premise of his approach to crime is that, delinquent or criminal behaviour is, by itself, unimportant. It is only a symptom of the psychic conflict between the id, ego and the superego arising from abnormal maturation or control of instincts.   The treatment and policy implications of psychoanalytic theory are direct and obvious. Criminals and delinquent offenders should be treated, not as evil but as sick persons, who can basically, not be held responsible for their actions in any rational or controllable sense. Therefore, punishment of offenders will remain largely ineffective and will only provoke more guilt and unhealthy psychological reactions.  # # Kate Friedlander, 1947.   Emile Durkheim.   CONCLUSION

Essay --

JEAN PICO ENGLISH 102 11/23/13 ANNE SEXTON "HER KIND" Anne Sexton is an extorianary poem writer that during the time period she began to write poems specially about women , she was highly criticized because of her perspective how women were viewed and the shadow they had to live under. Male dominance was a huge impact that Sexton didn’t seem to agree with at all for which through her writing she didn’t want to promote a sort of rebellions against men but to show the people what was going on , demonstrate what was really occurring during this time period and how women where outcast by society specially Anne Sexton. Anne Sexton became the voice of women through her poems and promoted this stereotype of modern women and how women role has increased in society during the years . â€Å"Her Kind† by Anne Sexton describe all the boundary’s of a women judged by society and how this particular women the narrator in the poem describes her living condition a little different then the usual average women , she is described as a witch and expresses her isolation from society by showing how she departs from everyone and people may say she not right in her head for the simple fact that she is not the typical ordinary quite women , instead she is more of an independent women living her life. Various critics wrote about there perspective about this poem â€Å"Her Kind† and demonstrated there different views on weather they agree or disagree with the context Anne Sexton is demonstrating in her writing and go into details to explain why she seems to think about society in this way. The dream life of MS Dog by Karen Gut , is an article ab... ...and dissatisfaction with her place in life all of her life. In conclusion both critics Karen Alkalay-Gut and Artemis Michailidou Have different analyses and ideas of the poem "Her Kind" , although the poem may seem very complicated to understand at first when you read it further on it has a deeper meaning that explains Sextons life because thats what she would reflect in her writing. The writer often uses literary elements to tell their criticism weather it would be foreshadowing certain parts or the use of smilies etc but the main concept that both critics had over this particular Poem Her Kind is that Women used to live under male dominance until Anne Sexton's poems in general changed the perspective of a women and gave them more authority to stand up for themselves and become an influence of this modern feminist lifestyle .

Ovid: the Art of Love

Ovid: The Art of Love There have been numerous questions that have always confused mankind since the early days. The significance of life, how everything functions, is there a god of every single topic that still confuses humans. Although those concepts create a good argument, a topic that is time consuming in our lives is how to pick up on women. A main example of how old that problem has bothered men is in the book of Ovid: The Art of Love. We independently come up with our own style of picking up on a female through personal experiences and knowing stories.The majority advice given by Ovid is dead to me but there are a few things I do concur. Ovid seems like a man who has a well-built resume of being familiar with women as well as learned from other stories. The majority things he said in the book I am already familiar with and while I was reading I laughed at how time affects this topic very little. The first thing I have noticed was Ovid’s recommendation of judging a woma n only during the day because all perspectives change when the combination of night and drinking are mixed. Even during the day can be difficult.You are walking behind them saying in your mind, â€Å"She is attractive†. But once you get the opportunity to pass by them and take a quick look back how many times have I said, â€Å"What was I thinking? † Nighttime is very similar but to an even greater degree. It isn’t until you are close enough to say if she is cute or not. This also goes for nightclubs where it is intentionally dark and misleading. Women that you danced with and looked marvelous the entire night immediately transform when the place is lighted up. That is why you get the digits in a lighted area if you are concerned about the looks.If not, then by all means take advantage of the darkness. In the present day, very little have maids so getting familiarized with the woman’s maids is getting familiar with her friends in a platonic manner, for th e time being at least. If a woman likes you but her friends don’t then the all she is going to hear from them is how you do not deserve her and how an awful person you are. Every mistake you commit will be blown out of proportion and if you do something good will be rendered as you being phony and saying all sorts of things just aiming to get into her pants.Ovid having knowledge of keeping yourself in shape and clean in the era of very few baths and dirt is beyond impressive. Being lazy, dirty or unfit is a bad sign for women that there will be little effort at anything including a relationship. You do not necessarily need to wear fancy clothes but wearing dirty clothes is a turn-off in my opinion. We live in a heavyset nation where being fit not only benefits your health but is also an advantage to your interactions with the ladies. It does not necessarily mean you have to be a body builder but most girls find it a plus when a guy is athletic and can keep up.Makes them aware of you not being afraid of a workout. Compliments and flatteries may take you far if done in a subtle and discreet method. Considerably, I hear guys who spit game in a very direct and sometimes insulting manner. Speak to women in ways that flatter them and make them blush. Lying in this case is not only recommended but at times necessary. If she has a voice that cracks glass say it is a melancholic voice that sooths the mind and soul. It’s a white lie and really no harm comes from it. Ovid has the fair idea on how to deal with a sad woman.When she gets pissed off, don’t accumulate on her current troubles. The best thing is to be there for her, hear her problems and always support her decisions even if the issue is stupid or non-existent. Non-existent problems are abundant times that are self-esteem related but can just be made up problems such as why is. No matter what she says hold her and don’t let go, not in a sexual way just show her that you are there for her. â€Å"I’m the poor man’s poet, was poor myself as a lover, couldn’t afford gifts, so spun words. † The rich and the poor have two very different ways of wooing a girl. Girls praise a poem, but go for expensive presents:† Who needs a crappy poem when you can give diamonds. In my opinion, money doesn’t always bring success, but does make things a lot easier. Regardless of money entities and personality is needed for love to happen, love of money is different as loving someone. Money comes and goes rapidly opposed to feelings linger. One aspect I do disagree with is being the woman’s slave and allowing her to cheat on you. It is acceptable to please her and allow her to have it her way to a certain extent but being her slave is a huge negative.Be attentive to her but do not let her become your everything. Allow for each other some space for you to hang out with the guys every so often and let her be out with the girls. Even if they g o clubbing, they just remain in their own small circle of friends and reject all guys that confront them. Be her friend, her lover and her emotional support opposed to being her slave. If you catch her cheating then it becomes a different story. Do you decide to leave her because she is not trustworthy and might be repetitive with her actions or stay and work things out.I would say leave her because there are so many fishes left in the sea and you are too valuable for a woman to treat you like you are nothing to her. One thing that most males do not learn from and Ovid mentioned is that competition creates a wanting feeling. I am not saying to purposely go out, cheat on her and force them both to compete for your love. Do not let her flirtatious ways blind you, which she mostly cannot help being flirtatious. Since the beginning, you noticed she was a flirt and cannot go wrong there.Instead of getting mad step your game up and flirt as well. Demonstrate to her she is not the only one that can get attention from the opposite sex. Again, do not go as far as to get another woman’s phone number while she is right next you which is a mindless move. Ovid got into too much detail and expected women to be close to perfect to get a guys’ attention because it does not take much effort to catch our eyes. One thing for women is to not be lazy because if you are then it might seem you are kind of boring and result our conversations to be short and dull.Do not look filthy, just make sure your clothes are clean and you smell good. The best approach is just make sure you don’t look like you haven’t taken care of yourself in months. Also be fit and healthy, I find that very attractive in a girl. You may call it curves and what not but if that is what you look like now what are you going to look like when your metabolism slows down and age starts revealing. Do not cheat, it is understandable if you are a flirt and you might not be able to help it but there is a huge difference between innocent flirting and flirting on purpose.This goes to the flirting subject, do not try and make your special someone jealous more often than not it leads to complications. Be there for your guy when he has troubles. We seem to be immune to emotions but that’s hardly the case, we just hide them way better. Beware of guys with the wrong intentions. If you are not sure if a guy has the right intentions ask the guys that know him and more likely they will tell you the truth because they themselves don’t like seeing girls get hurt by his actions. Allow us to protect you in some way or form even though we know you’re an independent woman.We have the natural instinct to protect our partner. Chivalry is not dead it’s just rare. Don’t give into our every wish and don’t expect to have every demand met we both have our opinions and beliefs. A relationship is working through them in a mutually benefiting manner. Know how your friends are and be sure to keep an eye on those who are seen with different guys constantly they might go after yours. When it comes to the sensual arts, don’t give in too easy. Let desire, passion, lust build up until it just explodes in a fury of ecstasy.Tell the guy what you like and what you don’t, if he doesn’t listen then he doesn’t deserve you. The opposite sex will always seem very distant and strange but in reality we share most of the same desires and needs. People grow with their morals and opinions set a certain way, when they meet someone they like those ideals might into question that is why we have conflicts and that is why we appear to be so different. This will always confuse both men and women but for love to occur mutual understanding as well as trust needs to take place.

Prehistoric Life During the Pliocene Epoch

Prehistoric Life During the Pliocene Epoch By the standards of deep time, the Pliocene epoch was relatively recent, commencing only five million years or so before the start of the modern historical record, 10,000 years ago. During the Pliocene, prehistoric life around the globe continued to adapt to the prevailing climatic cooling trend, with some notable local extinctions and disappearances. The Pliocene was the second epoch of the Neogene Period (23-2.6 million years ago), the first being the Miocene (23-5 million years ago); all of these periods and epochs were themselves part of the Cenozoic Era (65 million years ago to the present). Climate and Geography During the Pliocene epoch, the earth continued its cooling trend from previous epochs, with tropical conditions holding at the equator (as they do today) and more pronounced seasonal changes at higher and lower latitudes; still, average global temperatures were 7 or 8 degrees (Fahrenheit) higher than they are today. The major geographic developments were the reappearance of the Alaskan land bridge between Eurasia and North America, after millions of years of submersion, and the formation of the Central American Isthmus joining North and South America. Not only did these developments allow an interchange of fauna between three of the earths continents, but they had a profound effect on ocean currents, as the relatively cool Atlantic ocean was cut off from the much warmer Pacific. Terrestrial Life During the Pliocene Epoch Mammals. During large chunks of the Pliocene epoch, Eurasia, North America, and South America were all connected by narrow land bridges- and it wasnt all that difficult for animals to migrate between Africa and Eurasia, either. This wreaked havoc on mammalian ecosystems, which were invaded by migrating species, resulting in increased competition, displacement, and even outright extinction. For example, ancestral camels (like the huge Titanotylopus) migrated from North America to Asia, while the fossils of giant prehistoric bears like Agriotherium have been discovered in Eurasia, North America, and Africa. Apes and hominids were mostly restricted to Africa (where they originated), though there were scattered communities in Eurasia and North America. The most dramatic evolutionary event of the Pliocene epoch was the appearance of a land bridge between North and South America. Previously, South America had been much like modern Australia, a giant, isolated continent populated by a variety of strange mammals, including giant marsupials. Confusingly, some animals had already succeeded in traversing these two continents, before the Pliocene epoch, by the arduously slow process of accidental  island-hopping; thats how Megalonyx, the Giant Ground Sloth, wound up in North America. The ultimate winners in this Great American Interchange were the mammals of North America, which either wiped out or greatly diminished their southern relatives. The late Pliocene epoch was also when some familiar megafauna mammals appeared on the scene, including the Woolly Mammoth in Eurasia and North America, Smilodon (the Saber-Toothed Tiger) in North and South America, and Megatherium (the Giant Sloth) and Glyptodon (a gigantic, armored armadillo) in South America. These plus-sized beasts persisted into the ensuing Pleistocene epoch, when they went extinct due to climate change and competition with (combined with hunting by) modern humans. Birds. The Pliocene epoch marked the swan song of the phorusrhacids, or terror birds, as well as the other large, flightless, predatory birds of South America, which resembled meat-eating dinosaurs that had gone extinct tens of millions of years earlier (and count as an example of convergent evolution.) One of the last surviving terror birds, the 300-pound Titanis, actually managed to traverse the Central American isthmus and populate southeastern North America; however, this didnt save it from going extinct by the start of the Pleistocene epoch. Reptiles. Crocodiles, snakes, lizards, and turtles all occupied an evolutionary backseat during the Pliocene epoch (as they did during much of the Cenozoic Era). The most important developments were the disappearance of alligators and crocodiles from Europe (which had now become much too cool to support these reptiles  cold-blooded lifestyles), and the appearance of some truly gigantic turtles, such as the aptly named Stupendemys of South America. Marine Life During the Pliocene Epoch As during the preceding Miocene, the seas of the Pliocene epoch were dominated by the biggest shark that ever lived,  the 50-ton Megalodon. Whales continued their evolutionary progress, approximating the forms familiar in modern times, and pinnipeds (seals, walruses, and sea otters) flourished in various parts of the globe. An interesting side note: the marine reptiles of the Mesozoic Era known as  pliosaurs  were once thought to date from the Pliocene epoch, hence their misleading name, Greek for Pliocene lizards. Plant Life During the Pliocene Epoch There werent any wild bursts of innovation in Pliocene plant life; rather, this epoch continued the trends seen during the preceding Oligocene and Miocene epochs: the gradual confinement of jungles and rain forests to equatorial regions, while vast deciduous forests and grasslands dominated higher northern latitudes, especially in North America and Eurasia.

Prac 8 - Water chemistryII essays

Prac 8 - Water chemistryII essays Ø To determine water hardness of tap water and river water samples by means of titration with Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA). Ø To compare the different hardness levels of water samples from various sources. Hardness is primarily the measure of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions in the water. Other polyvalent metal ions can contribute to the hardness, but their effects are usually insignificant and the other ions are difficult to measure. Hardness is generally reported as ppm or mg/L of CaCO3. EDTA is a tetrabasic acid, and it has the ability to form chelated complexes with some multivalent metal ions (including Ca2+ and Mg2+). EDTA has 6 donor electrons, each of which can displace a water molecule from a hydrated metal ion. At the same time EDTA becomes deprotonated. The reaction is as follows: Mn+ + HmY(4-m)- MY(4-n)- + mH+ (where m depends on pH of solution) Because protons are liberated, the solution must be buffered. Tap Water Sample: River Water Sample Initial Volume Reading (ml) 0 3.92 0 0 0 Final Volume Reading (ml) 3.92 7.58 6.48 6.46 6.45 Volume Delivered (ml) 3.92 3.66 6.48 6.46 6.45 [EDTA] = 0.01M Volume sample used: 100ml Hardness = {([EDTA] Ãâ€" Volume EDTA used)/Volume of water sample} With [EDTA] in mol/L, and the volumes in ml, gives us hardness in mol/L. Hardness = {(0.01 Ãâ€" 3.92)/100) = 3.92 Ãâ€" 10-4M Converting to mg/L: (3.92 Ãâ€" 10-4mol/L Ãâ€" 100g/mol) Ãâ€" 1000mg/g Utilising this method, we get the following results for hardness (mg CaCO3/L): Tap Water Sample: River Water Sample Run1 Run2 Average Run1 Run2 Run3 Average Sample mean for river water samples = = ...

Germany and the germans class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Germany and the germans class - Essay Example Prussia came out of the war stronger than it was before because of his military skills. He gave the press the freedom to express themselves and he also established common religious toleration. He managed to protect the people from the law by having a quick judicial process, torture was abolished and the capital sentence was made at his discretion. He developed infrastructure and agriculture. That is how he built his legacy in his time (Woloch, 54). Joseph II lived between 1741 and 1790. He was the Roman emperor and ruler and during his tenure he managed to finish what his mother had started. His reforms were political, economic, judicial and social oriented. He changed the education system by separating it from the monarch and finding the best scholars. The executive and judiciary were separated at the strategic level and he did this to the lower levels of this arms. He managed to make the General hospital a top hospital in Europe. He gave the press their freedom and established an equality of religion. He also transferred ownership of the theaters to the actors to enhance their performance. He also managed to emancipate the Jews which gave the culture a boost. His war tactics also gave his kingdom a competitive edge and position (Woloch, 67). His reforms were well rounded as he touched each and every aspect of the

Buyer behaviour and communication strategies BB644 Assignment

Buyer behaviour and communication strategies BB644 - Assignment Example Moreover, the Toyota Prius family including Prius 1.8, Prius C and Prius V wagon will provide consumers with more models to choose from. The main goal is to create awareness of the hybrid technology developed by Toyota in the form of Toyota Prius family. By advertising and promoting the product, we wish to position Prius as a comfortable yet powerful car for the fun-loving and family-centered individuals alike. The communication channels are meant to draw interest and instigate a desire among consumers to make a purchase. The advertising should effectively create the desired image on the minds of the consumers in order to generate brand awareness which can productively be converted into sales. Moreover, the intended purpose of using communication channels is to stimulate buyer readiness through knowledge dissemination which educates the public about the damages of conventional fossil fuel engine cars and the new hybrid technology which has been stylishly designed in the form of Toyota Prius series. This notion is intended to trigger consumers to consider a change in their automobile preferences in order to try out th e hybrid car series by Toyota which is both, energy efficient and cost effective, as compared to other cars by the competitors. So, the main focus can be said to highlight the novel attributes of the Toyota Prius family and its hybrid technology. Also, the economic perspective of the Toyota Prius series is pivotal in convincing consumers that the cars have been made to suit the needs of everybody including families, individuals, and adventurous youths. Communication strategy is an important phase of strategy development and marketing products. In particular, it is critical to the segmentation, targeting, and positioning of the Toyota Prius family in the minds of the target consumers. The image any particular brand conjures up in the mind of the consumer is significant in determining

The Hollow Earth Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Hollow Earth - Research Paper Example This theory is supported with an example of sea which can move across the sides of the holes or a traveler would be move over the other side of the hole just like an insect, which crawls over the top of a glass from one side to another, while being unaware of its surroundings. Richard Bernard, a researcher, justifies the theory by saying that the aircraft pilots are unable to see the holes because they are misguided by the compasses, which they carry, into believing that they are just crossing one of the two poles, instead of going into the inner crust of the earth. He says that the compasses are following the magnetic rim of the holes. And that these pilots never actually fly over the poles, which are in fact the centers of a given holes. Raymond’s’ claim was supported by a statement by Admiral Byrd, which goes like this "I'd like to see that land beyond the Pole. That area beyond the Pole is the Great Unknown." (the hollow earth, 2010) People who believe that the Eart h is hollow are tend to believe the following The concept of a North Pole and a South Pole is not real. They are in reality wide openings of up to 1400 meters leading to the interior of the Earth, which is hollow. (Rodney, 2010) The central sun heats up the interior of the Earth, and the temperature of the interior sphere remains around 76 degrees Fahrenheit, which is neither cold nor hot. (Raymond, 1991) A large population is living in the inner surface of the Earth, the land on the other side of the holes at the poles. They are believed to be there, since the continents of Atlantis and Lemuria sank. This civilization is thought to be way more advanced than our own and the invention of flying saucers is attributed to them. A popular conspiracy theory extends the contact of this civilization with the U.S army, and they are taking advantage from the vast knowledge possessed by that civilization. (Billie & Woodard, 2008) So the focus of this research is to analyze the belief held by p eople about the Earth being hollow. First these three beliefs would be would be examined in a more detail, their origins and practicality, or lack of it, would be judged. In the end the contradictory concepts would be discussed and in the conclusion reason would be given about the validity of this weird belief. Origins and Supporters of the Belief The exact amount of people who do believe in the theory that Earth is hollow is not known. But this much is known that its not a high percentage of population with these believes. There is a bunch of people who have formed a group and call themselves the "Flat-Earth Society". (Childress & Raymond, 2009) There is another group, equally vocal, who believe that the earth is hollow. Several years ago, a group of "believers" informed a member of the Geophysical Institute staff that there was an opening to the center of the earth in the Alaska Range, and that this was an entry and exit point for flying saucers. (Robbins, 2003) Origins This theor y originated from the mind of a British astronomer, Edmund Halley, he was the first to come up the theory that earth might consist of several concentric spheres, each placed inside one another like concentric spheres. He further stated that the two inner most spheres have diameters matching that of Venus or Mars, while suggesting that the solid inner most core is as big as planet Mercury. The inner spheres rotate at different speed than

Eriksonian Perspective Essay Example for Free

Eriksonian Perspective Essay Greene (1991) described Eriksonian perspective on human development from the idea of epigenesis, in which each developmental stage depends upon the resolution and completion of the previous one. This idea proposed that anything that growth has a concrete map, from which it is understood that each stage has its time of passing. The Greene’s description advocates that human development is biopsychosocial and it is present throughout the human life. It is driven by a biologically set plan with the social identity being conditioned by a social factor. Erikson argued that the human ego strives to improvement that is toward mastery of its environment. Thus personal effectiveness being promoted by the social organization becomes the driven mechanism behind the progression of each stage. Erikson derived eight developmental stages with each the pitcome of the resolution serving as the first step toward the next progressively superior stage (Greene, 1991). Although each and different culture resolves the unique requirements for the development differently, such progression is said to be universal in all cultures and human organizations. Thus we can observe a common denominator that according to Erikson (Greene, 1991) is a biological program toward improvement. Baltes, Lindenberger Staudinge (1999) supported Greene’s view but attempted to view the stages of development from the practical perspective. They saw the personality’s progression through the life stages as adaptive mechanism formed and guided with the needs and pressures of the environment. In other words, they inclined more to the point of view in which the environment rather than biology was the major player in the human development. Based on this assumption, the authors suggested to view at lifespan psychology from the individual’s standpoint suggesting that two different people would develop differently even under exactly the same environmental stimuli. Ontogenesis or the study of individual development (Baltes et al. , 1999) appears to be more practical and functional. It considers the individual’s concern of â€Å"acquisition, maintenance, transformation, and attrition† (Baltes et al. , 1999) adaptive processes throughout the lifespan. However, such â€Å"Westernized notion† is not eagerly shared by some researchers (Coughlan Welsh-Breetzke, 2002). They, in particular, suggested that Eriksonian perspective is male-dominated and was presented in the Westernized context thus making individualized and masculianized human development as the blanket for the theory. According to them, such propagation of â€Å"individuality, competition, self-interest, comparative judgment, and value imperialism† devalues other life systems and steps away from the diversified views of human development. As Erikson argued (Greene, 1991) the child’s personality is first affected by the mother and then transformed through the developmental stages within and by small groups, large groups, organizations, governments, religions, and the mankind at large. The child in infancy was thought to obey inner laws of development; the inner drives that lead the child toward realization of the full potential through interaction with the environment. Such interaction with the environment causes inner restructuring of personality traits, which, through integration and synthesis, leads toward the full and complete realization of that particular stage. From Greene’s work (1991) we learn that stage 1 which is called â€Å"Basic Trust Versus basic Mistrust† lasts through two years of age and involves the establishment of trust by the infant toward the members of the family. The most illustrative of such can be little Michelle, the character from the Full House. Her interactions constantly bring the development of new personality that can be characterized by newly developed psychosocial strength (i. e. higher degree of confidence in her communications). The second stage, â€Å"Autonomy Versus Shame† is characterized with developing of self-control and not loosing the â€Å"face† in the process. Such emphasis on self-esteem is important because the children of this age easily become shamed and can develop psychosocial issues of holding on and letting go (Christiansen Palkovitz,1998). The successful resolution of this stage manifests in the child’s ability to become more independent, with some gender differences. For example (Christiansen Palkovitz, 1998) argued that male infants on his stage of development are more individualistic than their female counterparts. Coming back to Full House characters, we indeed, see that the little Michelle (once she became a little older) tends to gravitate toward her sisters and continuously seeking their approval. The child on the stage three, Initiative Versus Guilt, develops the sense of purpose, especially noticeable during the playtime. The sense of purpose drives the child toward the active exploration of the environment and according to Erikson (Greene, 1991) brings her to the discovery of the lack of a penis. Contrary to the Freud, Erikson believed that such and inevitable (in some societies) discovery of â€Å"inequity† is driven more so socially than biologically (Greene, 1991). The successful resolution of this stage is uninhibited involvement in play with other playmates. The children on the stage four, Industry Versus Inferiority, start school. This is a major transition in their lives and involved changing of perspective from the small family-based group to the larger social groups. According to Eriksonian perspective, the main drive for children on this stage is to become industrial which involves developing skills and competence through meaningful performances. The crisis on this stage may occur when the child’s self-efficacy is undermined. Learning collaborative skills and experiences can be critical at this stage of development. Stacy in Full House was often intimidated by collaborative involvement trying to achieve the performance of tasks independently. Her father and uncles often taught her that learning how to collaborate and contribute would make things easier and more effective. Almost each episode suggested how Stacy (and her sisters) put a lot of effort toward performing any task. The child experiencing successes at creating and producing some value together with his or her peers (or parents) is critical toward the stage resolution (Greene, 1991). From the age of 12 through 22, the adolescent experiences Identity Versus Identity Confusion. This is the stage when adolescent develops into the young adult and is seeking personal and unique identity. The stability of self-representation is crucial and is manifested in the desire to develop autonomy from parents, individuality of opinions, acceptance of his or her sexual preferences, and commitment to the career choices. The struggling with the issue of selfness often causes to name such stage as the most difficult. During the stage, the influence of peer groups become most consuming and focuses of interaction. The ability to sustain loyalties is the desired outcome of the resolution for this stage. Either polarity we can see in characters of the movies like Girl Interrupted, Mean Girls, Even Stevens, and others. It is an uninterrupted parade of searched identities and strive for the independence in opinions and attitudes. When the young adult enters stage six (22 through 34) he or she enters Intimacy versus isolation. The focus of his or her life becomes developing of the meaningful relationships and seeking the intimacy experiences. This is the stage when most adults develop meaningful relationships to start a family. Becoming a loner and shutting down others is a crisis to compare to a resolution of this stage. Many film features exhibit important characteristics of selfless love, on one side, and ruined families on another as picturesque illustration of this stage’s characteristics. One of the features that come to mind is Click, in which the main character is taught a lesson that commitment to family is more important than personal comfort. Even the legendary Casanova in the feature with the same name shows that final offering of commitment to start a family was an only choice. When a person advances in years and through the stages of development on to the stage 7, Generativity Versus Stagnation, he or se is concerned with teaching and guiding the next generation. The proficiency of this stage is usually takes in an ability of taking care of others (Christiansen Palkovitz,1998). The crisis may result when the person feels stagnated without being able to share personal expertise to others, especially the younger generation. This is tremendously visible in Full House as the father of the girls is trying his best to teach and guide his children. He is visibly content and happy when his instructions and guidance are accepted. The final stage, starting at about 60 deals with Integrity Versus Despair. This is when the person is concerned of personal usefulness to others during his or her lifetime. As Greene wrote in his book, â€Å"Integrity is achieved by individuals who have few regrets, who have lived productive lives, and who cope as well with their failures as they do with their successes. † There is an appreciation of the life as the whole and a content of the life well lived. People with full resolution of this stage are not afraid of death, thus develop what we call wisdom. The feature Bicentennial Man shows that quite vividly. The android becoming a human develops wisdom through the personal choice of growing old and dying in the course of the old age, although as android he could live forever. In conclusion, it is worth noticing that despite the fact that the study examines the idea of epigenesis, one can find that the transition from one developmental stage to another is not always exactly predetermined by age. For example, fro Erikson’s argument, each stage has a certain age limit. However, we are aware that not everyone fits exactly in to such age limitation and depending upon the unique characteristics of personality, micro-culture (i. e. family), group culture (i. e. school), and macro-culture (i. e. government) the age boundaries for each stage might be different. The idea that everything that growth has a concrete map from which it is understood that each stage has a certain time of passing has been observed empirically on many living species. However, we cannot claim that each species has exactly the same time passing for each stage of growth. There will be some differentiation. In such, experimental results that examine the life cycle of one species will weaken the above-discussed theory due to the fact that it is very difficult if not impossible to determine the exact age boundaries between the developmental stages from one representative of the species to another. My personal opinion lies in parallel with this conclusion. Observing my own developing in contrast with Eriksonian perspective, I find that stage four, for example, and in my case, extended before age six and way after age 12. My stage five began at age 14 rather than according to Erikson’s perspective, age 12. Many a time, the stage six begin after the age of 24 (not 22) and continues through early 40s (at least with my acquaintances). Thus, the exact map of stage development is not so exact, after all, and depends upon numerous factors I already have mentioned. Penuel (1995) in his article put the focus on identity formation. According to him, although this research primarily was based on Eriksonian perspective, there is a clear notion that each and single individual develops his or her identity not necessarily in agreement with concrete time schedule of Erikson’s stages of development. Penuel made a point that despite the fact that Vygotsky offered theoretical foundation of identity formation, the specific guidelines behind sociocultural influence on identity were not set. Penuel urged not to replace Vigotsky’s view on the identity development by Erikson’s theory but to integrate both. Thus, the main study point in Penvue’s article would be strong but not mechanistic influence of sociocultural processes on the identity formation. The discussion presented in this work strengthen my ideas that the development of an identity is more affected by external factors, like micro-culture, group-culture, and macro-culture and is not always follows the strict age-set boundaries. Observing my own and my friends’ identity formation support this notion. Stevenson-Hinde (1994) looked at human development from the different perspective. It is more systemic as in the behaviors are interconnected within the specific system, and in thus if one component is affected others are affected as well. Such perspective deviates even more from he straightforward Erikson’s theory. It is not anymore the stage development but the systemic organization of behaviors, according to Stevenson-Hinde. This study weakens the theory and my idea about the identity formation. Although and without argument some behaviors are interrelated, this fact is not necessarily the cause of identity formulation. The effect comes from the external environment thus the sociocultural characteristics affect the identity development more than the resulting set of behaviors. This conclusion s supported by self-observation. Examining my own interrelated behaviors I clearly see that those are the effect not the cause of the environmental influences. Thus environmental influences affect my behaviors that in turn help in identity formation. Horst (1995) argued with the general notion that the Erikson’s perspective did not consider accurate depiction of development through the lenses of gender. According to her claim, contrary would be more accurate. Careful study of Erikson’s stages of development does consider the gender identity in which gender is relational to components of identity formation. The point of her article is thus, to consider that the gender has an influence on identity formation. This study strengthens my views on the theory in its notion of the gender influence. Certainly, male and female would not develop equally and would not manifest the same identity formation. The differential depends upon their own perspective of self as either male or female. Even more so, how their external environment views them on the gender scale: from less feminine to more feminine and from less muscular to more muscular. Thus, their identity is formed not only from the point of view of being a human but also being a male and female and its specific location on the gender scale. My personal observations support this viewpoint. External attitudes, first from my immediate family and then from my friends) confirmed and helped me develop my identity IQ and specifically my gender identity IQ.