No Time to Think free essay sample

This week we were asked to analyse the following papers and a TED Talk presentation reflecting on how the accelerating pace of life and the distractions/noise in form of new means of communication are affecting our concentration and vanishing our â€Å"sanctuary† where we can dedicate time for thoughtful reflections. * â€Å"No time to think: Reflections on information technology and contemplative scholarship†, David M. Levy. (2007) * â€Å"Speed and the Unsettling of Knowledge in the Digital University†, Ray Land, (2011). TED Talk â€Å"5 ways to listen better†, Julian Treasure, (2011) Distractions serve anything but the knowledge It is true that today’s digitisation and networking tools speed up the pace of our communicative exchanges. In the other hand, these increasingly attractive tools are stealing our time and helping to distract us. These distractions serve anything but the knowledge because seriously limit our ability to focus and attention (and hence learning). Nowadays many people believe that reading an entire book is less attractive than commenting on their friends photos on Facebook or, open multiple tabs in a browser and quickly discover everything that is happening. We will write a custom essay sample on No Time to Think or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is precisely the possibility to access an incredible amount of information through the current digital technologies and encounter endless possibilities of knowledge that challenges our inability to build mental representations. Given the monumental supply of information obtained through the mass media, especially the Internet, the individual focuses his attention by very few moments in the data exposed on computer screens as they navigate through new links. However, the quality of these connections often contrasts with the amount of information, which are hardly assimilated because there is no time or effort to establish relations between concepts and thus, creating new meanings. As a result, individuals have habitual concentration difficulties, especially when connect with other people and at the same time read information in various news sites. It is not by chance the use of terms such as connect, Liked† and off to describe relationships between people. It is as if the email’s boxes or the tweets call us all the time so that messages must be read and answered immediately. The schools adopting the digital education model have already evidenced these concentration problems. The use of new technologies in the classroom econfigures everyday identities of their teachers and students and thus, their own teaching practice in the presence of the students’ limitless access to information through the Internet. I believe that the teachers, as the digital immigrants, and students, as the digital natives, are overwhelmed with the emancipatory potential of the Internet that in somehow they are experiencing a sense of loss as pointed out Ray Land: â₠¬Å"Paradoxically this may be experienced as a sense of loss as an earlier, more secure stance of familiar knowing has to be abandoned as new and unfamiliar knowledge is encountered†. The temporary downside of this digital turn is a viral pact of mediocrity, through which teachers and students pretend to teach and learn, to the extent that the contents of academic papers are copied and pasted in the text with less and less reasoning being developed. New teachers adapted to this modus operandi disregard ethical issues and do not refute the information that the student presents through consultation online. Improving concentration in the digital environment Considering the above scenario, I believe that we need to re-think our strategy to overcome distraction and increase our capacity to learn in digital environments. As David M. Levy mentioned: â€Å"It might well be possible to begin to explore different modes of thinking – routine and creative modes, as well as obsessive mind chatter – not only to develop more nuanced and refined understandings of these processes but to understand how to encourage or discourage them†. The starting point could be the understanding of the mechanisms of human attention, decode how it works and even how to develop it. I personally think that concentration is not innate to the human being, but a skill that can be taught throughout life and can always be improved. Recently I read an intriguing book called â€Å"The Mind and the Brain: Neuroplasticity and the Power of Mental Force† (Jeffrey M. Schwartz and Sharon Begley, 2003) about the brain plasticity, which is the neurons’ ability to redistribute according to need and training. The conclusions regarding the brains ability to rewire itself and the idea that meditation may be driving neuroplastic changes are quite inspiring in the book. For J. Schwartz and S. Begley, the best way to ensure attention is to choose challenging activities. If the task is so hard that we almost cannot do it, will certainly require more focus. However, it is not always clear that we like or feel challenged by everything that we need to do. Sometimes the work is simply annoying, but still needs to be done. In these cases, the trick is to turn it into a kind of game, focusing on one phase at a time. Overcome steps, one by one, can leave the whole process more attractive. Something like the â€Å"gamification† strategies, i. e. points and titles that some programs or applications give each task is accomplished. Being totally concentrated has to do with the state of â€Å"flow† discussed in the week 4 of the IDLE course. The psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi tried to understand the phenomenon by calculating the amount of information that our neural networks are capable of absorbing. He reached a number: only 110bps (bits per second). Listening to someone talking, for example, requires the processing of 40bps. That means, there are 70bps left in to use for distractions around. So we can scribble on paper or think in others to-dos while listening to the conversation. Using the 110bps in an activity would be the equivalent of what Csikszentmihalyi calls flow† that state of absolute concentration that makes us not even notice the time passing. Finally, the schools should debate more about the negative effects of distraction, the importance of the â€Å"white space† (or the sanctuary as we call at IDLE, the creation of physical spaces or times on the calendar for uninterrupted, unwired thinking and connection) and encourage students to apply basic practices to promote personal â€Å"white space†. These practices include: create a student routine, make lists with the priorities of the day, learn to organize time and to collect relevant study materials, learn to book time to solve everything else outside of the studies (a good way to fend off distractions is to take them out of our heads) and learn to absorb and to reflect on what has been collected.

Free Essays on Grant Wood

Grant Wood was born on a farm near Anamosa, Iowa on February 13, 1891. After his father’s death in 1901, the Wood family moved to Cedar Rapids where Grant attended school and even at an early age revealed his artistic talent. He and his friend, Marvin Cone, made scenery for plays and drawing for their high school yearbook and both were enthusiastic volunteers at the Cedar Rapids Art Association. On the night of his high school graduation in 1910, Grant Wood boarded a train for Minneapolis where he enrolled in art school. He returned home in 1911 and began teaching in a one-room country school. In 1913, he moved to Chicago to attend the Art Institute and worked in a silversmith shop. Later, after serving in the Army as a camouflage painter, Wood once again returned to Cedar Rapids and taught art in the public schools.(Cedar Rapids Museum of Art 1) He served as artist in residence at the University of Iowa from 1935 to 1942. While abroad, Grant Wood was exposed to current trends in European painting butconcentrated on the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist styles. In this, he was severaldecades behind European painters but current with most American artists. Wood is best known for his later paintings, which depicts the scenes and people of his native Iowa. A leader in the regionalists school of 20th century American art, he was strongly influenced by the subject matter and technique of various German and Flemish painters of the Renaissance (14th century to 17th century). (Grant Wood Painting 1) In translating their stylized formality to the American scene, however, he added his own distinctive touches of irony and realism. This satirical treatment can be observed in Wood's most famous work, the double portrait American Gothic. Stone City, Fall Plowing and American Gothic are present subject matter in the title. They are in artistic form which informs us about life. He is the inten... Free Essays on Grant Wood Free Essays on Grant Wood Grant Wood was born on a farm near Anamosa, Iowa on February 13, 1891. After his father’s death in 1901, the Wood family moved to Cedar Rapids where Grant attended school and even at an early age revealed his artistic talent. He and his friend, Marvin Cone, made scenery for plays and drawing for their high school yearbook and both were enthusiastic volunteers at the Cedar Rapids Art Association. On the night of his high school graduation in 1910, Grant Wood boarded a train for Minneapolis where he enrolled in art school. He returned home in 1911 and began teaching in a one-room country school. In 1913, he moved to Chicago to attend the Art Institute and worked in a silversmith shop. Later, after serving in the Army as a camouflage painter, Wood once again returned to Cedar Rapids and taught art in the public schools.(Cedar Rapids Museum of Art 1) He served as artist in residence at the University of Iowa from 1935 to 1942. While abroad, Grant Wood was exposed to current trends in European painting butconcentrated on the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist styles. In this, he was severaldecades behind European painters but current with most American artists. Wood is best known for his later paintings, which depicts the scenes and people of his native Iowa. A leader in the regionalists school of 20th century American art, he was strongly influenced by the subject matter and technique of various German and Flemish painters of the Renaissance (14th century to 17th century). (Grant Wood Painting 1) In translating their stylized formality to the American scene, however, he added his own distinctive touches of irony and realism. This satirical treatment can be observed in Wood's most famous work, the double portrait American Gothic. Stone City, Fall Plowing and American Gothic are present subject matter in the title. They are in artistic form which informs us about life. He is the inten...

MKTG 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MKTG 3000 - Essay Example The differences in people cause humans to react differently to reinforcers. A primary reinforcer can be natural or created. Natural reinforcers occur through natural interaction with the environment. They occur as we smell, hear, see, touch, and taste. They require interaction with nature. Social and tangible reinforcers are secondary reinforcers that are purposely paired with certain behaviors to improve performance of some kind. Social or tangible reiforcers are necessary when the natural reinforcers do not produce the behavior we need. A social reinforcer can be defined as any consequence, verbal, or symptom provided by one person to another that increases the frequency of the others person’s behavior. An example of a social reinforcer is a trophy. Tangible reinforcers should never be presented without some accompanying social reinforcer. Three examples of tangle reinforcers are food, gift certificates, and clothes. When behavior has been increased by reinforcement, failure to get reinforcement, over time, causes the behavior to return to its previously unreinforced level. This phenomenon is referred to as extinction. An example of extinction occurs when a person puts money in a vending machine and the machine does not dispense the item.

Formal Analysis Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Formal Analysis Assignment - Essay Example The art places Christ in a liminal state transforming from death to life. The picture depicted is much calm and motionless as the final moments described by the Scripture1. For an artist who painted modern paintings, religion appears as an odd space indeed for Manet’s artistic skills. The style in which he composed Christ and the angels (with a careful attention to detailed copying of costumes, models, and stage) in design relation to the other parts of the piece, it definitely sums up to a notion of admiration. By looking at the piece of the dead Christ, It is difficult to establish whether a controversial effect was Manet’s objective with the piece. The intent is obviously contentious, but the level of artistic amazement is unquestionably classic. A profound streak of color is used by Manet to thicken Jesus’s face. Closer to his forehead top, varying smudges of maroon represents the appearance of desiccated, scaly blood. Manet uses Harsh yellow hues to emphasize the tip of nose of Christ, the curves just beneath Christ’s eyebrows and the apples of his cheekbones, while his nose and sunken-in eyes sockets are depicted using darker hues. Christ’s mouth and eyes are half-open. The spread of shadow transversely on face results in his head appearing to recede in the background. The white shading of fabric covering up his lower body justly dominates the composition. On both sides of this imposing corpse of Christ, two women, costumed in bright, colorful clothes and unusual angels’ wings, appear to attend to the lifeless body. The angels’ colorful looks fail to overshadow the Christ’s body’s overwhelming grimness. Out of the combination of repugnance and beauty, pallor and color, a to tally comfortless Christ emerged. The artist is demonstrative in his pallet exploration, and there’s no mix up with the pathos created in the scene. The Dense folds of clothes that cover Christ’s body instill the artist’s mastery of

Final Project Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final Project - Research Proposal Example To access the facility customers are required to obtain tickets for different movies of their choice. The theatre has only one ticketing station located at the entrance of the premises where the customers obtain their tickets. The movie theatre serves a huge number of customers, there is an increased number of customers particularly during holiday seasons. The limited number of ticketing stations results in long queues and unnecessary time wastage in the ticketing process. The customers always complain about the time wasted queuing to purchase the tickets. Additionally, most clients complain about missing the beginning of the movies for which they intend to watch. The seats in the theatre are arranged into three sets; VIP lounge, Ordinary and back seats. Each of the seats is numbered depending on each category and they all have different pricing. The VIP lounge costs more followed by the ordinary and back seats respectively. The pricing also varies depending on the day of the week and the time. Tickets for movies shown on weekends and between 2PM to 7 PM and 7PM to 11 PM cost more than those on weekdays and during the day. The major problem associated with the current system is the loss of revenue and lack of customer satisfaction occasioned by delays in issuance of tickets to customers. The delay also results in low number of customers resulting from the slow ticketing process. It has been observed that approximately 600 seats are always occupied in one sitting yet the capacity of the theatre is twice this number. Hence, there is underutilization of the facility since it is not filled to capacity. To achieve this, the proposed simulation intends to create additional ticketing kiosks to a total of 6 kiosks strategically placed to enhance the ticketing process. It also intends to increase the ticketing options to allow online ticketing through the company’s website or through

The Pathology Of Crime Criminology Essay

The Pathology Of Crime Criminology Essay Pathology is the study of a particular subject- a disease. It is the diagnosis of an abnormality through careful examination of the constituents of the diseased body. When crime is considered to be a disease, an abnormality among humans, then, Pathology of crime can be called the study of crime; the psychological and general aspects of it, by careful examination of the various constituents and factors of crime such as- disruption of existing social norms and values, mental illness, stress, disorganization in society, anti social psychopathological mindsets, physical disorders etc. Through my paper on this subject, I hope to cover exhaustively all the social factors that affect society , crime in society and also understand and outline the lacunae between existing laws against crime, those geared towards the upliftment of society in general and the reality faced by us, the common man. I also aim to unearth some potentially comprehensive, pragmatic and useful ways to reduce crime rate on a whole and evaluate the effectiveness of traditional punishment. What is Crime? A purist legal view of crime is defined as a violation of a criminal law. Irrespective of the moral or social outrage or ethical wrongness of an act, it cannot be termed a crime unless it directly or indirectly is infringing upon a certain act passed. In this sense, crime becomes a sociopolitical event, rather than a clinical condition, a clinical or medical condition- which cannot be treated or diagnosed. In the words of Mr. Vernon Fox,1985. In this traditional outlook on crime, an Actus Reus a criminal act and a guilty intention- Mens Rea ; are the essential elements of a crime. But crime cannot be restricted in such a way solely to the acts defined. Criminologists must study the deviants-the criminals, as well as the socio cultural contexts that define them. A lot of learned people and scholars in the fields of Sociology, psychology, neurology as well as eminent jurists and law makers opine that every criminal act is the result of abnormal behavior of the individual concerned . This is where it becomes imperative for us to understand the pathology of crime. Hence the question, what exactly is pathology? Pathology and its relationship with crime Pathology can be defined as the scientific study and characterization of an anomaly/ disease/ abnormality in a certain field of interest. criminal pathologists, more commonly known as criminologists; deal with the study, structure, changes and functioning of a society on the basis of crimes and the interdependent relationship between crime and society. As in, how society at large is affected by various criminal deviant behavior, how values, mores, laws, folkways in turn keep changing or adjusting to the general consensus of society at large and how this in turn affects impressionable young minds towards deviant tendencies. An interesting trend to note would be the generality towards the acceptance of crime as an abnormality in society. This acceptance shows us that in a utopian environment, the concept of crime ceases to exist. This pathology shows us that we believe crime is essentially a perversion of human character, something that must be remedied or rectified ; Removed from the minds of those who practice it. We can relate the rationality behind that of a pathological criminal to that of a pathological/ compulsive liar. A pathological liar doesnt always know when he/she is lying. The lie becomes a part of his/her reality. This is due to certain mental problems. It has also been found that there are some anomalies in the structure of the brain of a pathological liar. It is wired differently compared to regular healthy brains. This throws light on the psychological aspects of crime. It could perhaps be curable one day.   These ideas led to the study of phrenology, in which brain size and shape were used to determine criminality.  There is an immediate and overwhelming need for more medical research on the subject. Contradicting views Durkheim actually states that crime should be seen as something functional and necessary for society rather than something pathological, and a symptom of a diseased society. He bases his argument on that fact that crime has been omnipresent ever since society came into existence. He says all societies, bar none, have experienced crime. Thus, according to him, crime seems to represent a condition of normality. He says a crime is a crime because it offends values, not because it is fundamentally wrong. He thinks crime strengthens a societies ideals and values because they are reaffirmed every time someone is prosecuted for a wrong doing. Of course, his views are not widely accepted and are opposed by many, due to the obvious gaping loop holes in his explanation. Crime is never a good thing and it doesnt strengthen a society. It reflects on the ethics and morals of the community, true; and it might be historically ingrained in our culture but that doesnt make it right. It is still something that can, and should be curbed. Thus, on the basis of lack of strong arguments stating otherwise, we can assume crime is inherently a pathological condition. Factors responsible for crime. The most basic question that comes to mind when discussing the criminology or pathological aspects of crime would be the one that points to the grass root level of it all. Why does crime exist? What leads people to participate in such ethically and morally wrong deeds, and go about abusing the very values they grew up with? Psychological conditions. Environment Social disorganization Lack of education Lack of a strong support system social change/ Evolution- Regression. Negative liberalization Economic Fluctuations Dissolution of religious, marriage and family institutions No conformity towards social norms, morals. Changing status of certain sects of society Dissociative social processes and conflicts Lack of empathy and personal ethics. Effect of mass media The aforementioned reasons are some of the main factors for the reason crime exists. Tackling the growing phenomenon of crime can only be done by first taking care of the economic, social and psychological issues related to cause spikes in crime. We have to understand that the majority of socialization processes are completed by the family, in the primary stage. If the process of sociality is done right, with the family stressing on the inculcation of the right values, norms, culture and liberal thinking, the base for a healthy society can be accomplished. For this, it is essential for families to be tight knit and functional. The environment given to the children has to project safety. When there is an absence of a healthy environment and a family system, it has been statistically proven that there is an increase in the risk for delinquency. Most crimes can be averted when the simple differentiation between rights and wrongs, and human empathy are clarified and made extremely clear. When there is a fear of a higher authority which projects absolute morals and strict punishment for those who break this code of morality, there is a reduction in the occurrence of crime. Thus, religion, though borderline irrational, plays an important role in curbing crime; when interpreted the right way. Trends In Crime Age and crime Crime rate generally declines with progress in age. Most offenders caught come under the age bracket of 16-25. Experts say the age-crime curve probably reflects decreasing parental controls, a peaking of peer influence in the teenage years, and then increasing family and community controls with age. Sex and crime Of all the demographic variables present, gender seems to be the most muddled. Most offenses are predominantly done by males, save those of flesh trade. More than 83% of todays heinous crimes are committed by males. But the fairer sex seems to be proclaiming equality in this field, too. A lot of petty crimes, traffic violations and other minor crimes are slowly becoming the female domain of crime. Attached next is a graph, to illustrate both. arrests_by_age_sex.jpg Social class and crime A vast majority of those arrested or labeled as a criminal belong to the lower strata of society. Though some scholars say that the official data shows this only because those belonging to the higher classes can usually get away with crime by bribing or gaining favors from the authority figures, there has been a rise in white collar crimes and the like, which may soon even out the curve. Minority groups/ Race / Regionality and crime. People belonging to the minority groups and less dominant races or those who belong to other regions (those who migrate in search of better living conditions, work etc) usually belong to the poorer sections of society. This, coupled with the fact that the adults in the family are too busy eking out a living to take care of the education and moral well being of their wards ,could have a direct effect on the fact that a lot of miscreants and criminal offenders belong these backgrounds. Also, there is an underlying contempt towards the privileged lot because racial profiling and discrimination is rampant. This in turn creates conflict between the two groups and might provoke the poorer sections to target the privileged lot. These various trends in crime help us understand the societal approach to it and the group consensus. Targeted treatment can be done. Typology of Crime Criminal typologies are ways to try and classify types of crime and criminals. It can be based on various criteria like : Type of offence committed. Reaction of society towards said crime. What the law and legislatures state. Criminal career of the offender etc. There have been many attempts made to classify criminals under one binding system but no such efforts have paid off till date. For example, Schafers LIFE TREND typology of criminals (1982) is as follows- Occasional criminals Professional criminals Abnormal criminals Habitual criminals Convictional criminals Though seemingly comprehensive enough, this typology was rejected, just like many before because it did not completely classify every criminal type. The very science of typology has been under heavy criticism because Specific offenses vary with time and place. some offenders participate in more than one type of crime Most offenses are usually inter linked and cannot be over simplified by trying to make them seem more distinct than they are. No single typology is useful to group all offenders. But the typology of Criminal behavior systems is still widely taken into consideration. It is as follows- Violent personal crime occasional property crime occupational crime corporate crime political crime public order crime conventional crime organized crime Professional crime This kind of typology is done on the basis of behavior and type of crime committed, for making the legislative and judiciary process easier, by simplifying the classification. Figure3.1 Use of Typologies in CJS-Final.jpg Some of the most jarring and convoluted crimes ever recorded in History occurred sometime over the past century. Gruesome murders, violent rape and assault charges, extortion, art crimes and media copy cat crimes have been the rage. THE TATE-LABIANCA MURDERS, 1969 ; THE LANA TURNER AFFAIR, 1958 ;   THE BRINKS JOB, 1950 ; THE BLACK DAHLIA, 1947 ; THE MONA LISA, 1911; THE LINDBERGH KIDNAPPING; THE  Lufthansa heist etc are all globally famous crimes that literally shocked people. To know that fellow humans were capable of such monstrosities wasnt a comforting thought. The recent jimmy saville case is also terrifying, in many ways. But there has been a steady decline in violent crime, globally. Though experts are baffled for the reason behind this, a lot of criminologists think it has something to do with growing awareness and simple precautionary methods being cultivated in day to day life. There is actually research to support this claim. Apparently more than 40% of crimes in a society are the product of easy opportunity. In india, a sizeable number of crime results from the easy opportunity and due to lack of effective thinking on crime prevention. LEGISLATURES AND ACTS IN INDIA , RELATING TO CRIME. THE CHILD MARRIAGE RESTRAINT ACT, 1929 By this act, people above 21 who wish to marry a person below 18 or those who aid and solemnize this marriage are liable for punishment . (Imprisonment for more than 3 months and fine). The Protection Of Women From Domestic Violence Act, 2005 The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 The Juvenile Justice Act, 2000 Under this act, juvenile offenders (those under 18 years of age) are rehabilitated and protected. Reformation in the main criteria. Prevention Of Terrorism Act 2002 Though there are a myriad of such laws, legislations, acts being passed frequently, there is still a gaping bridge between them being recognized and being implemented efficiently. Laws made for the welfare of the people or certain sections of the society are highly misused or taken advantage of by people with dishonest intentions, thus making it unapproachable for those in real need of it. A GLARING EXAMPLE. Upliftment and protection of women has always been on the agenda for our law makers. There have been copious changes in existing legislations and acts being passed in various sections for the same. Art 15(A) (e) To renounce practices derogatory to women or their dignity. 304 B IPC Dowry harassment and death. 312-318 IPC Causing miscarriage and abortion; without consent. 359-374 IPC Kidnapping ad abduction 375-376 (D) IPC Sexual offences 497 IPC Adultery 494 IPC Bigamy 453 IPC Cohabitation by manipulation /deceit The prevention of sati act 1829 Hindu widow remarriage act 1856 Immoral traffic prevention act 1956 These are very few of the exhaustive list available. But we do not see most of these laws reaching their desired objective. Preventive Measures, Punishments. The problem of crime is a socially constructed problem. Its about socio economic status and criminal victimization, in most cases. Richer households are more likely to be victims of some crimes , such as crimes against property, trespass etc. Poorer households are more likely to be victims of serious intrusive crime such as burglary, mugging and domestic violence. Statistics also confirm that minority ethnic groups are also victimized more than regular people. Same goes for young people, whose chances of being physically molested, mobbed, assaulted etc decrease with increase in age. By understanding these demographics and applying the theory of crime of opportunity, there is a concept of Situational Crime prevention. What is situational crime prevention? Making changes to buildings and streets to make them safer Asking the police for help Using common sense to stop criminals Using neighbors to look out for crime Working with people from different agencies By being practical, smart, resourceful and keeping a vigilant eye on our surroundings, this theory claims to be able to reduce upto 50% of the crimes. (http://crimeprevention.rutgers.edu/topics/SCP%20theory/theory.htm) Youth and crime Four million people use illicit drugs each year, of which about 56% are aged 16-24. Most offenders who use drugs commit crimes to finance their drug use. Police crackdowns on dealers and users have had no impact on drug availability or levels of crime. Hence, appropriate drug treatment, psychological help and efficient rehabilitation programs must be made available. PUNISHMENT- History. The concept of crime and penalties and jurisdiction evolved as society civilized over centuries. They were originally considered to be private affairs. The offended party had to seek compensation or private revenge. Later, offenses were only against the king and later yet, the subjects. When compensation developed, fines were levied on behalf of the king (state), thus making the state the wronged party, much like what it is today. The intentions behind imposing penalties to compensate the wronged parties, though honorable, does not serve its purpose. People cannot restore lost dignity, respect or honor by providing monetary compensation to the victims. Though it may help some of them start over in life. what about the wretched families of the wrong doer, who have to bequeath their possessions and requirements in life to pay for a mistake they didnt even make. And the very concept of imprisonment also does not really make much sense to a forward rational thinker. Paraphrasing one of them, There is a logical contradiction at the heart of the idea (imprisonment) which is that, you are taking people away from society, away from the law-abiding world, and away from all the influences of people who keep the norm, and putting them in a place where they will only be mixing with people who have broken the norm and then expecting that some good will come out of it. I think, the evidence accumulated over many years is that, what you create is a lawless society.   Criminals /Delinquents should not be treated as evil. Psychoanalytic Theory :  The psychoanalytic theory, rather than seeking the causes in biological processes or anomalies, attempts to look into the mind of the individual. According to Friedlander, classical Freudian psychoanalytic explanations of delinquency focus on abnormalities or disturbances in the individuals emotional development from early childhood. The id is the unconscious seat of all irrational, antisocial and instinctual impulses, which must be controlled and shaped for successful adaptation to life within a society. This is done through the development of the ego, or the conscious and the rational part of the mind and through the superego, or the conscience, which serves as the moralizing part of the mind. The basic premise of his approach to crime is that, delinquent or criminal behaviour is, by itself, unimportant. It is only a symptom of the psychic conflict between the id, ego and the superego arising from abnormal maturation or control of instincts.   The treatment and policy implications of psychoanalytic theory are direct and obvious. Criminals and delinquent offenders should be treated, not as evil but as sick persons, who can basically, not be held responsible for their actions in any rational or controllable sense. Therefore, punishment of offenders will remain largely ineffective and will only provoke more guilt and unhealthy psychological reactions.  # # Kate Friedlander, 1947.   Emile Durkheim.   CONCLUSION

Essay --

JEAN PICO ENGLISH 102 11/23/13 ANNE SEXTON "HER KIND" Anne Sexton is an extorianary poem writer that during the time period she began to write poems specially about women , she was highly criticized because of her perspective how women were viewed and the shadow they had to live under. Male dominance was a huge impact that Sexton didn’t seem to agree with at all for which through her writing she didn’t want to promote a sort of rebellions against men but to show the people what was going on , demonstrate what was really occurring during this time period and how women where outcast by society specially Anne Sexton. Anne Sexton became the voice of women through her poems and promoted this stereotype of modern women and how women role has increased in society during the years . â€Å"Her Kind† by Anne Sexton describe all the boundary’s of a women judged by society and how this particular women the narrator in the poem describes her living condition a little different then the usual average women , she is described as a witch and expresses her isolation from society by showing how she departs from everyone and people may say she not right in her head for the simple fact that she is not the typical ordinary quite women , instead she is more of an independent women living her life. Various critics wrote about there perspective about this poem â€Å"Her Kind† and demonstrated there different views on weather they agree or disagree with the context Anne Sexton is demonstrating in her writing and go into details to explain why she seems to think about society in this way. The dream life of MS Dog by Karen Gut , is an article ab... ...and dissatisfaction with her place in life all of her life. In conclusion both critics Karen Alkalay-Gut and Artemis Michailidou Have different analyses and ideas of the poem "Her Kind" , although the poem may seem very complicated to understand at first when you read it further on it has a deeper meaning that explains Sextons life because thats what she would reflect in her writing. The writer often uses literary elements to tell their criticism weather it would be foreshadowing certain parts or the use of smilies etc but the main concept that both critics had over this particular Poem Her Kind is that Women used to live under male dominance until Anne Sexton's poems in general changed the perspective of a women and gave them more authority to stand up for themselves and become an influence of this modern feminist lifestyle .

Ovid: the Art of Love

Ovid: The Art of Love There have been numerous questions that have always confused mankind since the early days. The significance of life, how everything functions, is there a god of every single topic that still confuses humans. Although those concepts create a good argument, a topic that is time consuming in our lives is how to pick up on women. A main example of how old that problem has bothered men is in the book of Ovid: The Art of Love. We independently come up with our own style of picking up on a female through personal experiences and knowing stories.The majority advice given by Ovid is dead to me but there are a few things I do concur. Ovid seems like a man who has a well-built resume of being familiar with women as well as learned from other stories. The majority things he said in the book I am already familiar with and while I was reading I laughed at how time affects this topic very little. The first thing I have noticed was Ovid’s recommendation of judging a woma n only during the day because all perspectives change when the combination of night and drinking are mixed. Even during the day can be difficult.You are walking behind them saying in your mind, â€Å"She is attractive†. But once you get the opportunity to pass by them and take a quick look back how many times have I said, â€Å"What was I thinking? † Nighttime is very similar but to an even greater degree. It isn’t until you are close enough to say if she is cute or not. This also goes for nightclubs where it is intentionally dark and misleading. Women that you danced with and looked marvelous the entire night immediately transform when the place is lighted up. That is why you get the digits in a lighted area if you are concerned about the looks.If not, then by all means take advantage of the darkness. In the present day, very little have maids so getting familiarized with the woman’s maids is getting familiar with her friends in a platonic manner, for th e time being at least. If a woman likes you but her friends don’t then the all she is going to hear from them is how you do not deserve her and how an awful person you are. Every mistake you commit will be blown out of proportion and if you do something good will be rendered as you being phony and saying all sorts of things just aiming to get into her pants.Ovid having knowledge of keeping yourself in shape and clean in the era of very few baths and dirt is beyond impressive. Being lazy, dirty or unfit is a bad sign for women that there will be little effort at anything including a relationship. You do not necessarily need to wear fancy clothes but wearing dirty clothes is a turn-off in my opinion. We live in a heavyset nation where being fit not only benefits your health but is also an advantage to your interactions with the ladies. It does not necessarily mean you have to be a body builder but most girls find it a plus when a guy is athletic and can keep up.Makes them aware of you not being afraid of a workout. Compliments and flatteries may take you far if done in a subtle and discreet method. Considerably, I hear guys who spit game in a very direct and sometimes insulting manner. Speak to women in ways that flatter them and make them blush. Lying in this case is not only recommended but at times necessary. If she has a voice that cracks glass say it is a melancholic voice that sooths the mind and soul. It’s a white lie and really no harm comes from it. Ovid has the fair idea on how to deal with a sad woman.When she gets pissed off, don’t accumulate on her current troubles. The best thing is to be there for her, hear her problems and always support her decisions even if the issue is stupid or non-existent. Non-existent problems are abundant times that are self-esteem related but can just be made up problems such as why is. No matter what she says hold her and don’t let go, not in a sexual way just show her that you are there for her. â€Å"I’m the poor man’s poet, was poor myself as a lover, couldn’t afford gifts, so spun words. † The rich and the poor have two very different ways of wooing a girl. Girls praise a poem, but go for expensive presents:† Who needs a crappy poem when you can give diamonds. In my opinion, money doesn’t always bring success, but does make things a lot easier. Regardless of money entities and personality is needed for love to happen, love of money is different as loving someone. Money comes and goes rapidly opposed to feelings linger. One aspect I do disagree with is being the woman’s slave and allowing her to cheat on you. It is acceptable to please her and allow her to have it her way to a certain extent but being her slave is a huge negative.Be attentive to her but do not let her become your everything. Allow for each other some space for you to hang out with the guys every so often and let her be out with the girls. Even if they g o clubbing, they just remain in their own small circle of friends and reject all guys that confront them. Be her friend, her lover and her emotional support opposed to being her slave. If you catch her cheating then it becomes a different story. Do you decide to leave her because she is not trustworthy and might be repetitive with her actions or stay and work things out.I would say leave her because there are so many fishes left in the sea and you are too valuable for a woman to treat you like you are nothing to her. One thing that most males do not learn from and Ovid mentioned is that competition creates a wanting feeling. I am not saying to purposely go out, cheat on her and force them both to compete for your love. Do not let her flirtatious ways blind you, which she mostly cannot help being flirtatious. Since the beginning, you noticed she was a flirt and cannot go wrong there.Instead of getting mad step your game up and flirt as well. Demonstrate to her she is not the only one that can get attention from the opposite sex. Again, do not go as far as to get another woman’s phone number while she is right next you which is a mindless move. Ovid got into too much detail and expected women to be close to perfect to get a guys’ attention because it does not take much effort to catch our eyes. One thing for women is to not be lazy because if you are then it might seem you are kind of boring and result our conversations to be short and dull.Do not look filthy, just make sure your clothes are clean and you smell good. The best approach is just make sure you don’t look like you haven’t taken care of yourself in months. Also be fit and healthy, I find that very attractive in a girl. You may call it curves and what not but if that is what you look like now what are you going to look like when your metabolism slows down and age starts revealing. Do not cheat, it is understandable if you are a flirt and you might not be able to help it but there is a huge difference between innocent flirting and flirting on purpose.This goes to the flirting subject, do not try and make your special someone jealous more often than not it leads to complications. Be there for your guy when he has troubles. We seem to be immune to emotions but that’s hardly the case, we just hide them way better. Beware of guys with the wrong intentions. If you are not sure if a guy has the right intentions ask the guys that know him and more likely they will tell you the truth because they themselves don’t like seeing girls get hurt by his actions. Allow us to protect you in some way or form even though we know you’re an independent woman.We have the natural instinct to protect our partner. Chivalry is not dead it’s just rare. Don’t give into our every wish and don’t expect to have every demand met we both have our opinions and beliefs. A relationship is working through them in a mutually benefiting manner. Know how your friends are and be sure to keep an eye on those who are seen with different guys constantly they might go after yours. When it comes to the sensual arts, don’t give in too easy. Let desire, passion, lust build up until it just explodes in a fury of ecstasy.Tell the guy what you like and what you don’t, if he doesn’t listen then he doesn’t deserve you. The opposite sex will always seem very distant and strange but in reality we share most of the same desires and needs. People grow with their morals and opinions set a certain way, when they meet someone they like those ideals might into question that is why we have conflicts and that is why we appear to be so different. This will always confuse both men and women but for love to occur mutual understanding as well as trust needs to take place.

Prehistoric Life During the Pliocene Epoch

Prehistoric Life During the Pliocene Epoch By the standards of deep time, the Pliocene epoch was relatively recent, commencing only five million years or so before the start of the modern historical record, 10,000 years ago. During the Pliocene, prehistoric life around the globe continued to adapt to the prevailing climatic cooling trend, with some notable local extinctions and disappearances. The Pliocene was the second epoch of the Neogene Period (23-2.6 million years ago), the first being the Miocene (23-5 million years ago); all of these periods and epochs were themselves part of the Cenozoic Era (65 million years ago to the present). Climate and Geography During the Pliocene epoch, the earth continued its cooling trend from previous epochs, with tropical conditions holding at the equator (as they do today) and more pronounced seasonal changes at higher and lower latitudes; still, average global temperatures were 7 or 8 degrees (Fahrenheit) higher than they are today. The major geographic developments were the reappearance of the Alaskan land bridge between Eurasia and North America, after millions of years of submersion, and the formation of the Central American Isthmus joining North and South America. Not only did these developments allow an interchange of fauna between three of the earths continents, but they had a profound effect on ocean currents, as the relatively cool Atlantic ocean was cut off from the much warmer Pacific. Terrestrial Life During the Pliocene Epoch Mammals. During large chunks of the Pliocene epoch, Eurasia, North America, and South America were all connected by narrow land bridges- and it wasnt all that difficult for animals to migrate between Africa and Eurasia, either. This wreaked havoc on mammalian ecosystems, which were invaded by migrating species, resulting in increased competition, displacement, and even outright extinction. For example, ancestral camels (like the huge Titanotylopus) migrated from North America to Asia, while the fossils of giant prehistoric bears like Agriotherium have been discovered in Eurasia, North America, and Africa. Apes and hominids were mostly restricted to Africa (where they originated), though there were scattered communities in Eurasia and North America. The most dramatic evolutionary event of the Pliocene epoch was the appearance of a land bridge between North and South America. Previously, South America had been much like modern Australia, a giant, isolated continent populated by a variety of strange mammals, including giant marsupials. Confusingly, some animals had already succeeded in traversing these two continents, before the Pliocene epoch, by the arduously slow process of accidental  island-hopping; thats how Megalonyx, the Giant Ground Sloth, wound up in North America. The ultimate winners in this Great American Interchange were the mammals of North America, which either wiped out or greatly diminished their southern relatives. The late Pliocene epoch was also when some familiar megafauna mammals appeared on the scene, including the Woolly Mammoth in Eurasia and North America, Smilodon (the Saber-Toothed Tiger) in North and South America, and Megatherium (the Giant Sloth) and Glyptodon (a gigantic, armored armadillo) in South America. These plus-sized beasts persisted into the ensuing Pleistocene epoch, when they went extinct due to climate change and competition with (combined with hunting by) modern humans. Birds. The Pliocene epoch marked the swan song of the phorusrhacids, or terror birds, as well as the other large, flightless, predatory birds of South America, which resembled meat-eating dinosaurs that had gone extinct tens of millions of years earlier (and count as an example of convergent evolution.) One of the last surviving terror birds, the 300-pound Titanis, actually managed to traverse the Central American isthmus and populate southeastern North America; however, this didnt save it from going extinct by the start of the Pleistocene epoch. Reptiles. Crocodiles, snakes, lizards, and turtles all occupied an evolutionary backseat during the Pliocene epoch (as they did during much of the Cenozoic Era). The most important developments were the disappearance of alligators and crocodiles from Europe (which had now become much too cool to support these reptiles  cold-blooded lifestyles), and the appearance of some truly gigantic turtles, such as the aptly named Stupendemys of South America. Marine Life During the Pliocene Epoch As during the preceding Miocene, the seas of the Pliocene epoch were dominated by the biggest shark that ever lived,  the 50-ton Megalodon. Whales continued their evolutionary progress, approximating the forms familiar in modern times, and pinnipeds (seals, walruses, and sea otters) flourished in various parts of the globe. An interesting side note: the marine reptiles of the Mesozoic Era known as  pliosaurs  were once thought to date from the Pliocene epoch, hence their misleading name, Greek for Pliocene lizards. Plant Life During the Pliocene Epoch There werent any wild bursts of innovation in Pliocene plant life; rather, this epoch continued the trends seen during the preceding Oligocene and Miocene epochs: the gradual confinement of jungles and rain forests to equatorial regions, while vast deciduous forests and grasslands dominated higher northern latitudes, especially in North America and Eurasia.

Prac 8 - Water chemistryII essays

Prac 8 - Water chemistryII essays Ø To determine water hardness of tap water and river water samples by means of titration with Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA). Ø To compare the different hardness levels of water samples from various sources. Hardness is primarily the measure of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions in the water. Other polyvalent metal ions can contribute to the hardness, but their effects are usually insignificant and the other ions are difficult to measure. Hardness is generally reported as ppm or mg/L of CaCO3. EDTA is a tetrabasic acid, and it has the ability to form chelated complexes with some multivalent metal ions (including Ca2+ and Mg2+). EDTA has 6 donor electrons, each of which can displace a water molecule from a hydrated metal ion. At the same time EDTA becomes deprotonated. The reaction is as follows: Mn+ + HmY(4-m)- MY(4-n)- + mH+ (where m depends on pH of solution) Because protons are liberated, the solution must be buffered. Tap Water Sample: River Water Sample Initial Volume Reading (ml) 0 3.92 0 0 0 Final Volume Reading (ml) 3.92 7.58 6.48 6.46 6.45 Volume Delivered (ml) 3.92 3.66 6.48 6.46 6.45 [EDTA] = 0.01M Volume sample used: 100ml Hardness = {([EDTA] Ãâ€" Volume EDTA used)/Volume of water sample} With [EDTA] in mol/L, and the volumes in ml, gives us hardness in mol/L. Hardness = {(0.01 Ãâ€" 3.92)/100) = 3.92 Ãâ€" 10-4M Converting to mg/L: (3.92 Ãâ€" 10-4mol/L Ãâ€" 100g/mol) Ãâ€" 1000mg/g Utilising this method, we get the following results for hardness (mg CaCO3/L): Tap Water Sample: River Water Sample Run1 Run2 Average Run1 Run2 Run3 Average Sample mean for river water samples = = ...

Germany and the germans class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Germany and the germans class - Essay Example Prussia came out of the war stronger than it was before because of his military skills. He gave the press the freedom to express themselves and he also established common religious toleration. He managed to protect the people from the law by having a quick judicial process, torture was abolished and the capital sentence was made at his discretion. He developed infrastructure and agriculture. That is how he built his legacy in his time (Woloch, 54). Joseph II lived between 1741 and 1790. He was the Roman emperor and ruler and during his tenure he managed to finish what his mother had started. His reforms were political, economic, judicial and social oriented. He changed the education system by separating it from the monarch and finding the best scholars. The executive and judiciary were separated at the strategic level and he did this to the lower levels of this arms. He managed to make the General hospital a top hospital in Europe. He gave the press their freedom and established an equality of religion. He also transferred ownership of the theaters to the actors to enhance their performance. He also managed to emancipate the Jews which gave the culture a boost. His war tactics also gave his kingdom a competitive edge and position (Woloch, 67). His reforms were well rounded as he touched each and every aspect of the

Buyer behaviour and communication strategies BB644 Assignment

Buyer behaviour and communication strategies BB644 - Assignment Example Moreover, the Toyota Prius family including Prius 1.8, Prius C and Prius V wagon will provide consumers with more models to choose from. The main goal is to create awareness of the hybrid technology developed by Toyota in the form of Toyota Prius family. By advertising and promoting the product, we wish to position Prius as a comfortable yet powerful car for the fun-loving and family-centered individuals alike. The communication channels are meant to draw interest and instigate a desire among consumers to make a purchase. The advertising should effectively create the desired image on the minds of the consumers in order to generate brand awareness which can productively be converted into sales. Moreover, the intended purpose of using communication channels is to stimulate buyer readiness through knowledge dissemination which educates the public about the damages of conventional fossil fuel engine cars and the new hybrid technology which has been stylishly designed in the form of Toyota Prius series. This notion is intended to trigger consumers to consider a change in their automobile preferences in order to try out th e hybrid car series by Toyota which is both, energy efficient and cost effective, as compared to other cars by the competitors. So, the main focus can be said to highlight the novel attributes of the Toyota Prius family and its hybrid technology. Also, the economic perspective of the Toyota Prius series is pivotal in convincing consumers that the cars have been made to suit the needs of everybody including families, individuals, and adventurous youths. Communication strategy is an important phase of strategy development and marketing products. In particular, it is critical to the segmentation, targeting, and positioning of the Toyota Prius family in the minds of the target consumers. The image any particular brand conjures up in the mind of the consumer is significant in determining